Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs: Cotton spring production technical guidance

In order to do a good job in spring production management of cotton, ensure that all seedlings are strong after one sowing, and lay a solid foundation for a bumper cotton harvest throughout the year, the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Agriculture and Rural Affairs Relevant experts from the cotton expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture have studied and put forward technical guidance for cotton spring production based on the cotton production characteristics of different cotton regions in my country and the forecast of weather conditions in 2023.

1. Northwest inland cotton area

(1) Pre-sowing management. It is necessary to prepare for spring plowing in advance, apply base fertilizer, plow and prepare the land, and prepare production materials; select improved seeds with good fiber quality and suitable for mechanized harvesting.

(2) Sow seeds at the right time. According to the forecast of the meteorological department, the temperature in April this year is higher than normal. It is recommended to sow early at the appropriate time to seize the progress of sowing and achieve full seedlings in one sow and early emergence of strong seedlings. It is necessary to pay close attention to real-time climate processes and adjust the sowing date in a timely manner. Sowing is usually done from April 10th to 25th in northern Xinjiang, and from early April to mid-April in southern Xinjiang. When planting cotton in saline-alkali land, the ground temperature rises slowly, so the sowing period can be appropriately delayed by 7-10 days to prevent rotten seeds, rotten buds, rotten roots and dead seedlings. Strengthen the supporting management of water and fertilizer during the sowing period. Cotton fields with heavy saline-alkali soil and sticky soil can adopt the method of dripping seedlings first and then sowing and side sealing soil; cotton fields with light saline-alkali soil and sandy soil can adopt sowing first and then dripping water. method, and apply humic acid fertilizer or microbial inoculants dripping to ensure the seedling rate. It is expected that the weather will alternate between cold and warm before and after cotton planting this year, and there may be varying degrees of strong winds, sand dust, late spring cold and periodic low temperature weather. It is recommended to strengthen cultivating and seal the holes and bury the mulch in advance to prevent strong winds from peeling off the film.

(3) Seedling management. It is predicted that cotton thrips, cotton aphids and lygus bugs will occur more frequently this year. It is necessary to strengthen the management of the above-mentioned pests to achieve early prevention, early treatment and spot control. We should do a good job in weed management in cotton fields and use pesticides scientifically to prevent phytotoxicity. Strengthen the chemical control of cotton, and use mepifenidium chemical control 2-3 times during the budding period to coordinate nutrition and reproductive growth, achieve stable growth of cotton plants, and create a reasonable plant structure.

2. Cotton area in the Yellow River Basin

(1) One-ripe cotton production

1. Variety selection. Select approved high-yielding, high-quality, disease-resistant, early and medium-maturing varieties, and increase the promotion of main varieties to ensure consistent cotton quality.

2. Create moisture and protect moisture. In areas with convenient watering conditions, water should be irrigated and then rotary tilled 3-5 days before the suitable sowing period. After rotary tillage, rake 2-3 times and then sow. In areas with inconvenient watering conditions, rotary tillage should be carried out within 20 days before the suitable sowing period. After irrigation, rake 2-3 times 5-7 days after irrigation, and sow at the appropriate sowing period. During sowing in drip irrigation cotton fields, the laying of drip irrigation pipes is completed at one time with the sowing film covering machine. Cotton fields in saline-alkali land should use irrigation and salt suppression measures. The irrigation volume per mu of lightly saline-alkali land is 80-100 cubic meters, and the irrigation volume per mu of moderate saline-alkali land is 100-150 cubic meters. For severely saline-alkali land, it is recommended to make ridges first and irrigate in the furrows, with the irrigation volume per mu being 150 cubic meters. about.

3. Land preparation and fertilization. Land preparation requires fine soil, loose soil, loose soil at the top and solid soil at the bottom, and sufficient soil moisture at the bottom and good moisture at the mouth. It is recommended to use organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers together and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizers can be decomposed dry chicken manure, pig manure, etc. (the organic matter content is not less than 20%), and the dosage per mu is 200-300 kilograms (dry weight), or commercial organic fertilizer (the organic matter content is not less than 45%), the dosage per mu is 40 —60 kg. Chemical fertilizers can be applied in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. 35-40 kilograms of cotton-specific compound fertilizer or controlled-release compound fertilizer should be applied to the bottom of each acre of cotton fields, and applied at the bottom once with rotary tillage.

4. Precision sowing. The suitable sowing period is from April 20 to May 5. When the lowest temperature is higher than 12℃ for 5 consecutive days, choose “cold tail and warm head” sowing. Hand-picked cotton is configured in wide and narrow rows, with a density of 4,500-6,000 plants/acre; machine-picked cotton is configured with a row spacing of 76 cm, using a multi-functional precision seeder for sowing, precision and semi-precision hole sowing, film laying, drip irrigation tape laying, soil covering, etc. The operation is completed at one time, with a density of 5,000-7,000 plants/acre. Sowing depth is 2-3 cm.

5. Field management. If the seedlings are sown first and then covered with film, the seedlings can be released promptly after emergence, and the seedlings can be fixed in combination with the release. If the seedlings are covered first and then sown, the seedlings will emerge naturally without thinning or setting. From the time after emergence to the peak bud stage, use a cultivator to perform inter-membrane cultivation and loosen the soil after rain to break soil compaction and eliminate weeds in the field. Chemical weeding can be carried out using soil-mixed or surface-sprayed herbicides such as trifluralin and acetochlor. To prevent and control diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage in a timely manner, you can choose sulfoxaflor suspension + pymetrozine wettable powder and other drugs to spray to control aphids. Spray evenly and thoroughly. You can also use imidacloprid, acetamiprid, etc. in rotation; spray avidin Use antibiotics and other drugs to control red spider mites; use sulfoxaflor suspension and other drugs to control blind stink bugs. For continuous cotton fields, pesticides should be applied at the same time and uniformly. When spraying, spray the outer perimeter first to prevent migration.

(2) Two-crop system of seedling transplanting cotton

In two-crop cotton fields such as garlic (wheat) and cotton intercropping in the Yellow River Basin, seedling transplanting should be adopted, and the following technical measures should be taken.

1. Variety selection. Choose hybrid cotton varieties with high yield, high quality and strong stress resistance or conventional cotton varieties with high production potential.

2. Preparation before broadcasting. Use small sheds or greenhouses to raise seedlings. Use a special nursery medium for soilless nursery or hole tray nursery.

3. Sowing time. According to the transplanting period, the seedbed sowing time is calculated backward.� Watering should be carried out in time according to the substrate humidity and seedling condition. The appropriate watering time is from 15:00 to 19:00. The seventh is management before transplanting. From the time the cotton seedlings have 2 true leaves to transplanting, the seedbed temperature should be controlled at about 25°C; remove the film and harden the seedlings 5-7 days before transplanting.

3. Weed before transplanting. After the previous crop is harvested and before no-till transplanting or plowing, glyphosate is sprayed on the stems and leaves of weeds in a directional manner. After the spray on the weeds dries, cotton can be transplanted.

4. Transplant in time. After the previous crop is harvested, transplant it as soon as possible when the moisture is suitable. When transplanting, the cotton seedlings should reach more than 2 leaves and 1 heart. The depth of the cotton seedling root system of the substrate seedlings in the soil should not be less than 7 cm. The nutrient pot seedlings should not be exposed after transplanting. The pot body should be watered enough after planting to increase the survival rate. Transplanting should be carried out in sunny and good weather. Transplanting should be stopped when encountering low temperature, rain, and cold waves, so as to “plant high-temperature seedlings and not plant low-temperature seedlings.”

5. Reduce fertilization. In conventional fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers are applied in holes when transplanting, and the application amount is about 30% of the total fertilizer application during the entire growth period; topdressing is required 2-3 times in the middle and late stages; when using cotton-specific controlled-release fertilizer, it can be According to conventional fertilization, reduce the total amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period by 20% and apply it in one go (divide in trenches after transplanting, fertilizing rows 20 cm apart from rows of cotton seedlings), combined with spraying foliar water-soluble fertilizer, and no soil fertilization is required during the entire growth period. . Combined with fertilization, stubble and weeding are carried out simultaneously.

6. Anti-fouling and drought resistance: The cotton area in the Yangtze River Basin is in the rainy season from the budding stage to the early flowering stage. The ditch system in the field must be cleaned frequently to ensure that the “three ditches” inside and outside the cotton field are unobstructed and timely irrigation and drainage are ensured.

7. Chemical control and pest and disease prevention and control measures are the same as for direct-seeded cotton.

AAA

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