Types and characteristics of commonly used cotton fabrics

1. Plain cloth:
The fineness of the warp and weft yarns used is the same or similar, and the warp density and weft density are equal or similar. The strength in the warp and weft directions is relatively balanced, the cloth surface is smooth, strong and durable. Plain cloth is divided into three types according to the yarn fineness: fine plain cloth, medium plain cloth (commercial cloth), and coarse plain cloth. Fine plain cloth is fine, clean and soft, with few neps and impurities on the surface, and is light and thin, suitable for shirts, bed sheets, etc.; medium plain cloth has a medium thickness and is relatively strong, suitable for shirts, bed sheets, and can also be used as linings and bag materials. and other auxiliary materials; the coarse plain cloth is thick and strong, suitable for making rough-style clothing. The original color cloth can be used as lining.

2. Poplin:
A high-count and high-density plain cotton fabric, which is a high-end variety of cotton. The warp density of poplin is nearly twice that of the weft density, and the leakage area of the warp yarns on the cloth is much larger than that of the weft yarns. The raised parts of the warp yarns form an obviously uniform granular shape, forming the unique diamond-shaped particles of poplin. The texture is fine, the cloth body is smooth, the lines are clear, shiny and silky. According to the different raw materials used, it can be divided into yarn poplin, thread poplin and half-thread poplin; according to the spinning technology, it can be divided into ordinary poplin, combed poplin and semi-combed poplin. Among them, half-thread poplin is the main one, followed by gauze poplin and less thread poplin. Mainly used for men’s and women’s shirts, but also used for handkerchiefs, sheets, bedding, etc.

3. Twill:
When weaving with single yarn, the twill effect on the front side is more obvious, with a left diagonal of 45.7; the twill effect on the back side is not very clear. Twill fabric can be divided into denim and fine twill according to the fineness of the yarn used. The texture of twill cloth is tighter and thicker than plain cloth, with a softer feel, moisture absorption and breathability. However, the surface finish and stiffness of the cloth are not as good as those of khaki. Available in natural, bleached and mixed colors, it is commonly used as clothing fabrics for uniforms, sportswear, pajamas, etc. It can also be used as linings for sportswear and padding for clothing. After fine twill fabric is finished by electro-optical or calendering, the cloth surface is bright and can be used as clothing lining.

4. Khaki:
The density is the largest among twill fabrics. It is often used with three upper and lower left twills, and two upper and two lower twills. There are two types of khaki: double-sided khaki and single-sided khaki, namely thread khaki and yarn khaki. The fabric has a tight structure, is strong and wear-resistant, smooth and crisp, and feels stiff. Due to the high density of the fabric, the dye is not easy to penetrate during dyeing, and whitening is prone to occur. Can be used as coats, jackets, windbreakers, trousers, etc.

5. Seersucker:
Seersucker refers to a thin cotton fabric with concave and convex bubbles. Seersucker is comfortable, breathable and not close-fitting. The fabric surface is three-dimensional, cool and casual, and does not require ironing after washing. It is a summer clothing material and is often used to make children’s clothing, blouses, dresses, pajamas, etc., using thicker yarn Thread-woven seersucker can also be used to make bedspreads, curtains, etc.

6. Velvet:
Pure cotton is commonly used as raw material, and the surface of the fabric is made of fibers to form fluff, which can be divided into single-sided and double-sided flannel. The gray fabric is brushed or brushed to pull out some of the fibers in the yarn (mainly the weft yarn) to form fluffy fiber fluff. Generally, the weft yarn is thicker and has a smaller twist, which facilitates the pulling out of the pile. The flannel fabric is soft and rich, has a sense of warmth, is moisture-absorbent, breathable, and comfortable. The cloth surface has a soft color and is suitable for making winter underwear, pajamas, etc. Printed flannel, striped flannel, etc. are suitable for children’s clothing fabrics.

7. Velveteen:
Velveteen is woven from a double-layered structure in a complex structure. There are two types: cut warp velvet and cut weft velveteen. The velvet on the cloth surface is smooth and plump, lustrous, soft to the touch, and elastic. The cloth body is thick, warm, and wear-resistant. It is suitable for making women’s autumn and winter jackets, coats, shoes and hats, and can also be used for decorative curtains and tablecloths.

8. Corduroy:
Weft pile fabric, also known as corduroy, is made of weft pile tissue. Corduroy has the characteristics of soft hand, clear texture, rounded and plump velvet strips. When worn, mostly the plush is in contact with the outside world, and the ground tissue rarely wears, so the wearing fastness is better than that of ordinary cotton fabrics. Due to its inherent characteristics, color and beautiful appearance, it has become a clothing fabric suitable for men, women and children at home and abroad in all seasons. It can be made into various types of men’s and women’s clothing and accessories and has a wide range of uses.

9. Denim,
Also known as labor cloth, it is a twill fabric with colored warp and white weft. The warp color is mostly indigo. Denim became popular in the 1930s. The trousers are short in crotch, tight-fitting, and hip-hugging. They have firm seams and exposed seams, giving them a native American flavor. Because it is close-fitting, flexible and comfortable, and has good wear resistance, it is suitable for sports and daily life, and is deeply loved by consumers.

10. Striped cloth:
The pattern is a general term for colored fabrics with strips or plaids. There are many varieties and specifications of striped cloth. According to their color and pattern, they are divided into four categories: dark stripes, light stripes, dark stripes, and light strips. Among them, they can be divided into large strips, small strips, and plain strips. , large strips, small strips, etc. The yarn-dyed striped fabric is mainly made of plain weave, but also uses small pattern weave or twill weave, etc. Specification parameters such as yarn count and density vary greatly according to different varieties. The characteristics of striped cloth are mainly characterized by its fine, thick texture, elegant and bright colors. Thin fabrics are suitable for summer clothing, while thicker ones are used for the production of various types of clothing in spring and autumn.

11. Leno:
A very special type of fabric among colored fabrics. The warp yarns are twisted through heddles.Clear and fine reamed holes are formed on the surface of the object. Leno generally uses low-special yarns below 14.5tex or 7.5tex×2 as warp and weft yarns, with a relatively thin density. The gauze fabric is light and breathable, cool and comfortable to wear, and has good drape. Suitable for making summer women’s skirts, shirts, underwear and Japanese summer kimonos. If thicker, brightly colored yarns are used as warps, lenos for decoration can be made.

12. Oxford cloth:
The characteristic cotton fabric uses colored warp and white yarn as the weft, with a linear density of 29 to 13 tex. It adopts plain weave or plain weave variation weave, and the warp density is greater than the weft density. When the linear density is small, 2 to 3 warp and weft yarns can be juxtaposed to weave a unique style. Its main style features are soft feel, natural luster, many pores on the fabric surface, comfortable wearing, and good shape retention. Suitable for making men’s dress shirts, two-way shirts, women’s skirts and underpants, children’s clothing, etc. Common ones include chambray Oxford cloth, jacquard Oxford cloth, etc.

13. Linen yarn:
Using a change of plain weave – weft heavy plain weave. The twist of the warp yarn is about 10% higher, which can make the fabric stiff and crisp; the twist direction of the warp yarn and the weft yarn is the same, making the stripes on the surface of the fabric clear. Linen yarn is so named because it is as cool as linen and has the characteristics of being cool and breathable. The fabric has obvious vertical lines along the warp direction and is dotted with many clear gaps, so it is not close to the body when worn. It is cool and breathable, making it one of the ideal fabrics for summer clothing. Linen yarn is mostly made of pure cotton yarn, but also made of cotton blended yarn, such as polyester/cotton, polyester/linen, etc. sfweefgrwe

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