Research on new spinning technologies and new products
Research on new spinning technologies and new products
Since joining the WTO, my country’s textile industry has faced unprecedented opportunities and challenges. While we are seizing the opportunities, we should be confident and not take the challenges lightly. Because in the 21st century, people generally believe that there will be a new technological revolution, which will transform “industrial society” into “high-tech society”. At the same time, the textile industry or spinning technology will develop unconventionally with the penetration and application of high and new technologies.
The “Tenth Five-Year Plan” for the textile industry clearly states that “improving the international competitiveness of my country’s textile industry must rely on scientific and technological progress.” Looking at the development of my country’s cotton textile industry in the past 20 years, with the increase in combed yarn, knotless yarn, and shuttleless cloth, the technical content of textiles has been continuously improved, and it has also promoted the downstream knitting, copying, printing and dyeing, clothing and other industries. The progress and improvement of the textile industry have continuously enhanced the comprehensive capabilities of the entire textile industry. However, considering the technical requirements for participating in international competition, although my country is a big textile country (the number of cotton spinning spindles is second only to India), it is not a strong textile country. Compared with developed foreign textile enterprises, there is still a clear gap in my country’s cotton spinning industry. . That is: the overall equipment level is not high, the process technology is relatively backward, and the product technology content is low.
Let’s talk about some views on the above three issues.
1. Improve equipment levels and build a competitive platform
Brooming and Carding Alliance – Industrially developed countries have a share of more than 50%, while our country only has 30%. The blowroom and carding unit is the foundation and core of spinning engineering. The pilot test of blow-carding and warp spinning production developed by Zhengzhou Textile Machinery Factory and Qingdao Textile Machinery Factory has proved that the whole process runs stably and reliably, the process effect is obvious, the spinning performance is strong, and the quality of the spun card sliver includes tangles and light weight. The evenness and short staple ratio all reach good levels, and the yarn quality can reach 25% of the level of USTER 98 Bulletin. The use should be vigorously promoted.
Automatic winding – the share in industrially developed countries reaches 90% to 100%, but only 33.7% in my country. It seriously restricts the production of knot-free yarn in my country. In 2001, the proportion of knot-free yarn in my country was only 43%. It is also worth noting that my country imported more automatic winders in the 1980s than in the 1990s, and the localization rate is low.
Shuttleless looms—the share of shuttleless looms in industrially developed countries reaches 80% to 90%, but only 12.54% in my country. At the same time, a considerable part was imported in the mid-to-late 1980s. Domestic shuttleless looms and their accessories are small in number and of low quality, and are far from being able to meet market demand.
In addition, there is also a big gap, or even a blank, in the ownership and technical level of combing machines for processing high-end textiles, as well as in process automation and continuous iconic fine and thick interlacing machines.
New spinning – including rotor spinning, air-jet spinning, vortex spinning, friction spinning, etc. Since the 1980s, with the adoption of microelectronics technology, sensing technology, and variable frequency speed regulation technology, new spinning technologies, especially Rotor spinning and air-jet spinning have developed relatively maturely. Autocoro288, Autocoro312 and R40 high-level rotor spinning machines have rotor speeds up to 150,000 rpm and can produce various yarn counts below 60s.
There are currently about 850,000 rotor spinning heads in our country, accounting for about 1/10 of the rotor spinning. Among them, domestic equipment accounts for about 80%, with a speed of about 50,000 rpm; imported equipment accounts for about 20%, with a speed of 70,000 rpm. Minutes or so. Few new advanced rotor spinning machines have been introduced, and there is still a big gap in domestic R&D and production capabilities.
There are currently about 10,000 air-jet spinning heads in my country, accounting for 4.6% of the 215,000 air-jet spinning heads. According to data, it only accounts for 0.04% of my country’s spinning capacity. The product coverage is small, it is difficult to form a market, and the efficiency is insufficient.
The obvious advantages of new spinning are high speed, short process, large packages and fewer people. The rotor yarn has good dryness; the air-jet yarn has thick details and less hairiness, especially hairiness above 3mm. These advantages are very beneficial to the weaving of shuttleless looms. Some data show that it can improve the weaving efficiency by 2% to 3%.
Therefore, in the next period of time, accelerating the pace of equipment updates, introducing and developing high-level key spinning equipment, actively building a competitive platform, and actively participating in international competition are technical measures that enterprises cannot underestimate.
2. Use new technology to develop new yarns
For a long time, ring spinning machines have been accompanied by the development of drafting devices from simple to complex and from complex to simple, and the yarn quality and production level have been improved step by step. Currently, the widely used three-roller and double-apron drafting device has In order to reduce the free zone and improve the yarn evenness, many equipment have no longer used collectors. Subsequently, the hairiness has increased, making it difficult to adapt to the weaving of shuttleless looms with higher weft insertion rates.
In order to reduce hairiness, in addition to passive singeing methods, it is proactive to adopt new spinning methods or develop new spinning devices. The compact spinning exhibited in Paris in 1999 is a good way, either by modifying the front roller (Rieter’s Camo spinning) or by adding a new mechanism (Süssen’s Qili spinning), with one purpose: to eliminate (or in other words, mass spinning) (limit reduction) twisting triangle area, so that the strands are controlled within a very narrow range by the air flow before twisting, so that the tension on each fiber is relatively uniform, and the edge fibers in the twisting triangle area are easily prevented from forming hairiness or even Disadvantages of flying flowers.
The hairiness of dense yarn is about 80% less than that of ring-spun yarn, and the hairiness above 3mm is less; the unit strength can be increased by 5% to 10%, so the twist can be reduced; the evenness is good, the yarn defects are few, and the yarn quality is high.� Friction, the effect after the meridian tube is obvious. According to relevant data, the breakage rate can be reduced by more than 30%, and the fly in the production area is reduced by about 85%. For the post-process, the warping breakage can be reduced by 30%, and the slurry can be saved by 50%. ; Eliminate singeing, waxing, and reduce fabric pilling.
In short, it is a new development direction, but currently imported equipment is too expensive, and enterprises must act within their capabilities. The top priority is to combine industry, academia, and research, and especially accelerate the research and development of new domestic equipment or devices with independent intellectual property rights.
We are familiar with spinning wrapped yarns with hollow spindles and core-spun yarns with ordinary ring spinning, but it will also be possible to use the cotton spinning system to develop Siro yarn, Sirofil yarn and Solo yarn with slight modifications on the ring spinning machine. Very good development prospects.
Siro spinning feeds two rovings with a certain distance apart into the same drafting area of the spinning machine in parallel. After drafting, two single yarn slivers are output from the front roller. Due to the upward transmission of twist, the two single yarn slivers are There is a small amount of twist on the strips, which are further twisted into a siro yarn similar to strands after converging. Because the twisting mechanism of this kind of yarn is different from that of double-strand yarn, it has less hairiness, a tighter structure, and better gloss and wear resistance.
Sirofil spinning is developed from serofil spinning, which uses a filament instead of a roving and feeds it directly from behind the front nip. The distance between the two is smaller than that of serofil spinning. This is a key process parameter. , which determines the strength, hairiness and uniformity of the yarn.
Solo spinning usually installs a special splitting roller at the front and bottom of the front roller of the spinning machine, so that the sliver output from the front nip is split into 3 to 5 bundles of fiber strips. Due to the twist transfer, these narrow fiber strips The strips have a small amount of twist, and are then combined and twisted to form a yarn. Because it looks like a multi-strand thread, it is also called cable yarn. Solo spinning is also called cable type spinning. Solo spinning does not have high requirements on raw materials and can spin high-quality yarn from thicker fibers, saving 30% of the cost. Solo yarn has high strength, good wear resistance, less hairiness, improved gloss, clear fabric texture, and can be directly used as warp yarn for weaving without sizing.
The above new spinning technology, combined with different raw materials, will undoubtedly be able to develop multi-component yarns with novel appearances and different properties.
3. Reasonably select new materials and develop high-tech products
Some people have divided textile materials into three stages: the era of natural fibers in the 1950s and 1960s and before, the era of chemical fibers in the 1970s and 1980s, and the era of genetically modified materials after the mid-1990s. Like spider silk, spider genes are implanted into goats, and silk proteins containing a large amount of spider genes are separated from goat milk. The strength of this kind of silk bundle is much stronger than steel wire. It is light in weight, only 25% of synthetic fiber, soft to the touch and can be used. Used to make bulletproof vests, space suits, etc. Spider genes are also implanted into cow and hamster cells, allowing these cells to produce proteins that make spider silk, which can be used as surgical threads. There are also ways to implant rabbit keratin genes into cotton to make the cotton fiber have the qualities of rabbit fur, and so on.
There are a variety of natural fibers, wild fibers, various chemical fibers, and regenerated fibers. With the development of biochemical engineering, new textile raw materials emerge in an endless stream, which provides a good foundation for us to develop new products with high technical content. As long as we accurately grasp the materials Characteristics, according to the end product use requirements, through blending, blending, twisting, interweaving and other textile technology methods, clever combination, utilizing strengths and avoiding weaknesses, the development prospects of high-tech products are unlimited.
For example: in the past two years, the development of soy protein fiber has received much attention. In terms of clothing fabrics, it makes full use of its comfortable wearing characteristics such as silk-like appearance, cashmere-like feel, and good moisture conductivity, and combines it with polyester and other natural fibers (wool). , cotton, linen, silk) to make up for its lack of wear resistance, easy fluffing, and poor wrinkle resistance. The yarns of three kinds of fibers are cleverly combined to make the natural fibers reflect the characteristics of natural fibers on the surface of the fabric. The soybean protein fiber serves as the inner layer to exert its excellent wearing properties. The polyester fiber acts as a framework to improve the appearance and characteristics of the fabric. The physical and mechanical properties better reflect the advantages and disadvantages and complement each other.
In short, we will comprehensively improve the equipment level, process technology, and product technical content, strengthen the cooperation between industry, academia, and research, continue to explore and innovate, develop and develop our own high-tech products, and actively promote and occupy the market. In the fierce international competition Only in competition can you win. rFV4AuOs
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