Textile finishing refers to a process that uses certain mechanical equipment to improve the appearance and intrinsic quality of textiles, improve their wearing properties or give them some special functions through physical, chemical or combined physical and chemical methods. Textile finishing, understood in a broad sense, refers to all the processing processes that textiles undergo after leaving the loom or knitting machine. However, in actual production, it is generally believed that textile finishing refers to the processing of woven or knitted fabrics after completing pre-treatment, dyeing and printing during dyeing and finishing.
1. The purpose of textile finishing
The content of textile finishing is very rich, and its purpose can be summarized as to make textiles “perfect” or “functional”, which can be roughly summarized as follows:
(1) Standardize textiles. Including making the fabric width uniform and stable in size and shape. Such as tenter finishing, mechanical shrinking finishing, chemical anti-wrinkle finishing and heat setting finishing, etc.
(2) Improve the feel of textiles. Gives textiles a soft and full style or a stiff feel. Such as soft finishing and stiff finishing.
(3) Change the appearance of textiles. Improve the surface gloss of textiles or give them a certain pattern effect to change the appearance of the fabric. Such as calendering, electro-optical, embossing, raising, sanding, etc.
(4) Give textiles some special functions. The fabric has certain special properties, such as water-repellent, oil-repellent, flame-retardant, radiation-proof and other protective properties, easy decontamination and hydrophilic, anti-static, heat-retaining and other comfortable properties, anti-bacterial, deodorant, mildew-proof, insect-resistant and other resistant properties. Biological functions.
2. Textile finishing methods and classifications
Textile finishing The scope is very wide and there are many methods. Therefore, the classification method is also relatively complex.
1. Classification according to the technological nature of fabric finishing processing
This The first classification method is based on the effect of the fabric finishing process on the fibers in the fabric and the type of processing technology. It can be divided into three types: mechanical and physical finishing, chemical finishing and physical-chemical finishing.
(1) Mechanical and physical finishing: Mechanical and physical finishing of textiles, also known as general finishing, uses moisture, heat energy, pressure and mechanical effects to improve and improve the quality of fabrics. Processing methods. The characteristic of this finishing method is that the fibers that make up the fabric do not interact with any chemicals during the finishing process. Therefore, the finishing effects are generally temporary. Such as tentering, calendering, raising, mechanical shrinkage finishing, etc.
(2) Chemical finishing: Chemical finishing is a processing method that uses resin or other chemical finishing agents to chemically react with fabric fibers to improve the quality of the fabric. The technological characteristic of this finishing method is that the chemical finishing agent and the fiber form a chemical and physical-chemical combination during the finishing process, so that the textiles not only have changes in physical properties, but also changes in chemical properties. Generally, chemical finishing has durable finishing effects and has multi-functional effects, such as anti-wrinkle finishing, water-repellent and oil-repellent finishing, flame-retardant finishing, antibacterial and mildew-proof finishing of cotton and its blended fabrics, etc.
(3) Physical-chemical finishing: With the development of finishing and processing technology, people often combine chemical finishing with mechanical and physical finishing, which improves the durability of mechanical finishing. . The technological characteristic of this method is that during the finishing process, textiles are subject to both mechanical and physical effects and chemical effects, which is a combination of the two effects. For example, fabric durability embossed finishing is a combination of resin finishing and embossing finishing, imitation suede finishing is a combination of resin finishing and sanding finishing, and there are also sand washing and water washing of silk fabrics.
2. Classification according to the purpose of textile finishing
This classification method It is distinguished by improving the performance of textiles or giving them some special functions through finishing.
(1) Conventional finishing: Also known as general finishing, it usually involves shaping and pre-shrinking finishing, appearance finishing, and hand feel to make the fabric width uniform, size and shape stable. Sorting is divided into regular sorting.
(2) Functional finishing: Also known as special finishing, it is a finishing method that gives fabrics certain special properties. It mainly includes protective functional finishing, comfortable functional finishing, anti-biological functional finishing, etc. In addition, there are some new functional finishings. In addition to giving textiles a single function, these finishings can also superimpose several functions on one textile, making it a textile with multiple functions.
In addition, textiles are also classified based on the durability of their finishing effects. Specifically, it can be divided into three types: temporary finishing, semi-durable finishing and durable finishing. However, it is impossible for any classification method to be very clear.
The development history of textile finishing
Most of the early textile finishing Using mechanical and physical methods, or applying simple chemical finishing agents, often plays an auxiliary and subordinate position in the entire printing and dyeing process. With the continuous development of high and new technologies, especially the development of fine chemical products, the continuous emergence of new fibers and new materials, and the changes in the objects of use, textiles have expanded from single clothing to decorative textiles, industrial textiles and other fields. .
These have put forward higher requirements for the finishing of textiles.Product performance has developed from a single function to a complex multi-functional effect, including some special functions. Finishing effects have also evolved from temporary to semi-permanent and durable. Textile finishing has got rid of its subordinate position in printing and dyeing processing in the past, and plays a leading role in improving fabric quality, increasing product added value, and enhancing market competitiveness. </p
