UV protection test
UV Protection Test
Purpose and Scope:
1. Sunlight includes infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light. When ultraviolet light directly irradiates the skin, it can cause skin erythema and aging. In severe cases, excessive ultraviolet light can cause cancer.
2. Test the performance of textiles against sunlight and ultraviolet rays.
Terminology
1. UVR – sunlight ultraviolet radiation, refers to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 280nm-400nm.
2. UVA – sunlight ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 315nm-400nm.
3.UVB – sunlight ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 280nm-315nm.
4.UPF-The ratio of the average effect of effective UVR when the skin is unprotected to the average effect of effective UVR when the skin is protected.
5. The UVR spectrum measured on the earth’s surface is 290nm-400nm.
Principle
Irradiate the sample with single-color or multi-color UV rays, collect the total spectral transmission rays, measure the total spectral transmittance, and calculate the UPF value of the sample.
Test methods
AATCC183
1. Take at least 2 test samples from each sample cloth.
a. Sample size: 50×50nm or a circle with a diameter of 50mm.
b. Samples should include different colors and tissue structures.
2. The sample should be placed in the environment specified in ASTM D1776 for at least 4 hours before testing.
3. Face the front of the sample when wearing it to the UV light source.
4. Do UV testing on the sample in any direction, and then rotate it 45° for testing. Test with another 45 spins.
Report:
UPF: Ultraviolet Protection Factor
T(UV-A): UV-A transmittance
T(UV-B): UV-B transmittance
(UV-A) hindrance rate
(UV-B) hindrance rate
BS7914
1. Take at least 4 test samples from each sample cloth. Samples should include different colors and textures.
2. The samples should be placed in a standard experimental environment for at least 16 hours before testing. If the instrument is not placed in a standard environment, the humidity-conditioned sample should be tested within 10 minutes.
3. Calibrate the instrument before each use.
4. Face the front of the sample when wearing it to the UV light source.
5. When loading the sample, be careful to keep it tension-free and try not to contaminate the sample.
Report
UPF value: Ultraviolet protection factor AS/NZS4399
1. Take at least 4 test samples from each sample cloth. Take 2 samples each in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Samples should include different colors and textures.
2. The sample placement and testing conditions are temperature
3. Face the front of the sample when wearing it to the UV light source.
4. When loading the sample, be careful to keep it tension-free and try not to contaminate the sample.
Report
1.UPF value: Ultraviolet protection factor
2.UPF classification
Note: The wavelength range of UVR in this standard is 290nm-400nm. UPF Grading System
GB/T18830
1. Take at least 4 test samples from each sample cloth. Samples should include different colors and textures. The sample size ensures adequate coverage of the holes together.
2. The sample should be humidified according to GB6529 before testing. If the instrument is not placed in a standard environment, the humidity-conditioned sample should be tested within 10 minutes.
3. Face the front of the sample when wearing it to the UV light source.
4. When loading the sample, be careful to keep it tension-free and try not to contaminate the sample.
Report
UPF: Ultraviolet Protection Factor
T(UVA): UVA transmittance
T(UVB): UVB transmittance
When the sample’s UPF>30 and T(UVA)<5%, it can be called an "UV-resistant product."
AATCC183 instrument requirements
UPF Range UVR Protection Category Effective UVR Transmission %UPF Rating
15-24 is good 6.7-4.215, 20
25-39 is good 4.1-2.625, 30, 35
40-50,50+excellent?2.540,45,50,50+
Spectrophotometer or Spectrometer Specifications
A1. The inside of the integrating sphere’s shell is covered with a material that is diffusely reflective or highly reflective in the UV range. The total surface area of the open area is not required to exceed 3% of the total area of the integrating sphere.
A2. Lighting and ornamental geometry.
A2.1 Directional lighting/hemispheric collection (0/T). In this geometry, the specimen is illuminated with a unidirectional beam whose axis is no more than 0.14 rad (8°) normal to the specimen. Any ray of this ray must not exceed 0.09 rad (5°) from the optical axis. The cross-sectional area of the illumination beam should be at least 10 times the size of the large hole in the test material. The total flux through the sample is collected into the integrating sphere.
A2.2 Hemispheric illumination/directional viewing (T/0). In this geometry, the sample is illuminated by a luminescent integrating sphere. View the sample with a unidirectional beam whose axis is not more than 0.14 rad (8°) orthogonal to the sample. Any ray of this ray must not exceed 0.09 rad (5°) from the optical axis.
The cross-sectional area of the beam should be at least 10 times the size of the large hole in the test material.
A2.3 Sample substitution error. The integrating sphere can suffer “sample substitution” errors due to the influence of the specimen’s internal illumination reflectance of the integrating sphere. This error can be eliminated within either geometry by a separate reference beam that traverses the opening of the integrating sphere at the speed of light. The reference beam either contacts the wall of the ball or is mounted on a standard material facing the opening.
A3. spectrum requirements. The spectrophotometer or spectrometer should have a bandwidth of 5nm or less and a spectral range of 280nm (or less) to 400nm (or more). The measurement wavelength interval within this wavelength range shall not exceed 5 nm.
A4. Stray radiation. The effects of stray radiation within the instrument, including due to sample fluorescence, should produce an error of less than 0.005 of the measured spectral transmittance value.
A5. Sample fluorescence. At present, certain dyes and brighteners on the sample will fluoresce, and the impact on the spectral transmittance may lead to an artificial increase in it.
A5.1 monochrome lighting. The monochromator located in front of the sample in a monochromatic spectrophotometer,The artificially high value of transmittance is due to the phosphor excitation wavelength. This includes virtually all wavelengths in the ultraviolet spectral region. Errors caused by fluorescence can be removed by placing ultraviolet and visible light filters behind the sample. Found the SCHOTT Glass UG11 filter satisfactory. However, the decrease in filter transmission as wavelength increases may reduce the effectiveness of long-wavelength UV measurements.
A5.2 multi-color lighting. In spectrophotometers and spectrometers the illumination is polychromatic, with a single color following the specimen in the optical path, with artificially high values of transmittance due to the wavelength of the fluorophore emission. Therefore, the effect of fluorescence on UV radiation at large wavelengths is ignored. The use of an illumination source that conforms to the spectral distribution of simulated sunlight will require accurate inclusion of the effects of UVA longwave measurements of sample fluorescence. However, since fluorescent components do not contribute to UPF values, the spectral distribution of the light source is irrelevant as long as it provides sufficient energy signal to cover the spectral range with an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio in the spectral data. NEvMDxRvPt
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