Types of cotton
Types of Cotton
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Cultivated cotton species can be divided into four main categories: upland cotton, sea island cotton, Asian cotton (Chinese cotton), grass cotton (African cotton)
Upland cotton:
Originated from Central America and the Caribbean. It was originally a tropical perennial type. After long-term cultivation and domestication by humans, it has formed an early-maturing type suitable for cultivation in subtropical and temperate regions. This is the most widely cultivated cotton species in the world, accounting for more than 90% of cotton fiber production. The fiber length is 21 to 33 mm, and the fineness is 4500 to 7000 meters/g. Commercially known as fine velvet cotton. Upland cotton is further divided into 8 types, of which 7 types are perennial: Gossypium zebra, Gossypium marigold, Gossypium yucatán, Gossypium mollier, Gossypium Richmonde, Gossypium Baumol and Gossypium mexicana. Broad-leaf cotton is an annual, and all upland cottons widely grown in major cotton-producing countries now belong to this type.
Sea Island Cotton
It is native to the Andes Mountains of South America and later spread to the Atlantic coast and the West Indies. Its tropical perennial types have many variations in Peru and other South American countries, such as Tanquis cotton, Peruvian cotton, etc. Subtropical annual cultivation of this species developed in the United States and Egypt. The early-maturing zero-branching or compact-branching type was formed in Soviet Central Asia and is called Soviet fine velvet cotton. Sea-island cotton is famous for its long fiber (up to 33-45 mm), thin fiber (6500-9000 m/g), mercerized finish, and high strength (4.5-6 g). Commercially known as long-staple cotton. In addition to the annual type, there are two perennial varieties: Brazilian cotton and Darwin cotton. The free-nucleated kapok and combined-nucleated kapok grown in southwest China are both semi-wild perennial island cotton.
Asian Cotton
Also known as Chinese cotton, it is the earliest cotton species cultivated and spread by humans. The species can be divided into 6 geographical-ecological types: Indian cotton, Burmese cotton, boll cotton, Chinese cotton, Bengal cotton and Sudan cotton. Among them, Indian cotton and Sudan cotton are perennials; most Burmese cottons are perennials, and some are annuals; the remaining types are annuals. Before the full-scale promotion of upland cotton, Asian cotton was widely cultivated in China. Because of its thick and short fiber (15-25 mm), it was commercially known as coarse cotton. Because it is not suitable for medium-count yarn machine spinning and has low yield, it was replaced by upland cotton in the 1950s and is only grown sporadically in the south. However, Asian cotton has the characteristics of early maturity, resistance to rain, less boll rot, and high fiber strength, so it is still an important germplasm resource. It is still cultivated to some extent in India and Pakistan.
Grass cotton
Also known as African cotton, it originates from southern Africa and is distributed in Asia and Africa. During its evolution, five geographical-ecological types have been formed: dark cotton, Kurga cotton, Weidi cotton, maple leaf cotton, and African cotton. The first 3 are annuals and the last 2 are perennials. The African cotton cultivated in Xinjiang, China and the Hexi Corridor of Gansu belongs to the Kurga cotton type. Due to the thick and short fiber, it is also called coarse staple cotton commercially, which has almost disappeared in recent years
Cotton fabric classification
Cotton is a popular fabric for clothing and home textiles. Versatility, softness, breathability, moisture absorption, year-round comfort, performance and durability are just a few of the many qualities that make cotton popular.
Cotton fabrics transform into infinitely long fiber strands, ranging from durable denim to luxurious chenilles and velvets. Please keep this helpful glossary as a reference to help you understand the various cotton fabrics you may encounter.
A terry absorbent terry cloth covers the entire surface of the fabric on one and both sides. For home textiles and summer clothing.
Pleated fabric uses a special method to shrink parts of the fabric to produce a wrinkled or pleated effect. Used in home textiles and apparel.
Cotton tulle: linen, fine spun, organza and tulle are all cotton tulle. Used in home textiles and apparel.
Jersey single-sided jersey fabric, with significant differences between the front and back sides. Used in home textiles and apparel consumer goods. Recently, American manufacturers have introduced cotton jersey for use in sheets and pillowcases.
Percale A smooth combed woven fabric with a minimum of 180 threads per square inch.
Calendered chintz is usually printed. Widely used in interior decoration fabrics.
Sateen A satin fabric with a smooth, shiny surface. Used in home textiles and apparel.
Sheet fabric: medium to heavy weight plain weave, carded cotton gauze. Low-thread count sheet fabric is defined as thin muslin. Sheet fabrics made of high-count combed yarn are defined as percale cotton.
Double-sided fabric Double-sided knitted fabric, thicker.
Jacquard Jacquard looms produce jacquard patterns that are important for decorative fabrics such as cotton, brocade and satin.
Wide fine woolen fabric, densely woven lustrous cotton with finely woven horizontal ridges. It is similar to poplin and is widely used for shirts, loose tops and home décor.
Patterned cotton fabric made on a sateen jacquard loom. Used to decorate fabrics and fine clothing.
Velvet fleece fabric with short, dense woven cut piles that give the fabric a soft, thick texture.
Chenille is a velvety cotton yarn or a velvety raised fabric. Chenille is French for “caterpillar”.
Materasse A small piqué or jacquard cotton fabric. The pattern is raised and the fabric surface is quilted, used for bed sheets and other home fabrics or boutique clothing.
Twill fabric is characterized by diagonal lines on the surface. The fabric is incredibly versatile.
Double rib A double-woven jersey fabric that looks the same on both sides. For home and apparel.
Gray cloth (GREIGEGOODS, developed��Comfort, performance and durability are just a few of the qualities that make cotton so popular.
Cotton fabrics transform into infinitely long fiber strands, ranging from durable denim to luxurious chenilles and velvets. Please keep this helpful glossary as a reference to help you understand the various cotton fabrics you may encounter.
A terry absorbent terry cloth covers the entire surface of the fabric on one and both sides. For home textiles and summer clothing.
Pleated fabric uses a special method to shrink parts of the fabric to produce a wrinkled or pleated effect. Used in home textiles and apparel.
Cotton tulle: linen, fine spun, organza and tulle are all cotton tulle. Used in home textiles and apparel.
Jersey single-sided jersey fabric, with significant differences between the front and back sides. Used in home textiles and apparel consumer goods. Recently, American manufacturers have introduced cotton jersey for use in sheets and pillowcases.
Percale A smooth combed woven fabric with a minimum of 180 threads per square inch.
Calendered chintz is usually printed. Widely used in interior decoration fabrics.
Sateen A satin fabric with a smooth, shiny surface. Used in home textiles and apparel.
Sheet fabric: medium to heavy weight plain weave, carded cotton gauze. Low-thread count sheet fabric is defined as thin muslin. Sheet fabrics made of high-count combed yarn are defined as percale cotton.
Double-sided fabric Double-sided knitted fabric, thicker.
Jacquard Jacquard looms produce jacquard patterns that are important for decorative fabrics such as cotton, brocade and satin.
Wide fine woolen fabric, densely woven lustrous cotton with finely woven horizontal ridges. It is similar to poplin and is widely used for shirts, loose tops and home décor.
Patterned cotton fabric made on a sateen jacquard loom. Used to decorate fabrics and fine clothing.
Velvet fleece fabric with short, dense woven cut piles that give the fabric a soft, thick texture.
Chenille is a velvety cotton yarn or a velvety raised fabric. Chenille is French for “caterpillar”.
Materasse A small piqué or jacquard cotton fabric. The pattern is raised and the fabric surface is quilted, used for bed sheets and other home fabrics or boutique clothing.
Twill fabric is characterized by diagonal lines on the surface. The fabric is incredibly versatile.
Double rib A double-woven jersey fabric that looks the same on both sides. For home and apparel.
Gray cloth (GREIGEGOODS, pronounced “gray”) is a woven fabric that has not been wet or dry treated.
Plaid A flat fabric made of colored warp yarns and white weft yarns.
Canvas is also called double warp cloth. A rough, plain woven fabric.
Striped sateen’s local stripes change to form different patterns.
Oxford cloth is a group of cotton fabrics with fine points, using a modified plain weave or square weave. Mainly used for shirts.
Seersucker A lightweight cotton fabric woven into pleats by varying the tension of the warp yarns. Seersucker is a top-notch summer clothing fabric.
Because the warp yarn density is higher than the weft yarn density, poplin has exquisite horizontal ridges on the surface, and it is usually a high-count cloth. Poplin is used for high-end shirts.
Flannel A flat woven fabric that is lightly brushed for softness. Often used in clothing and bed linens.
Corduroy A ribbed fleece fabric. Available in various weights and strip counts. Widely used in clothing and home decoration.
Denim is a rough, durable twill fabric, commonly known as indigo blue. Denim dominates casual wear and is increasingly used in home décor.
Velvet is a term generally applied to cut velvet. Velvet is soft, luxurious and versatile. 9zgau6wge
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