Conductive mechanism of fibers
Conductive mechanism of fibers
For fiber macromolecules, they are covalently bonded, have no free electrons, and are not easy to fall off. It may be that only the head ends of macromolecules can be ionized, but the macromolecules themselves are difficult to move. Low-molecular substances mixed in fiber materials may be ionized and moved, but the amount is very small, especially pure polymers. Therefore, fiber polymer materials are theoretically insulators.
Generally, polymer materials have electrical conductivity σ<10-20S/cm or less and are insulators. However, the actual conductivity of the fiber is σ<10-9S/cm, which is generally 10-20<σ<10-9. The reason is that the fiber is not a pure polymer material, but contains other low-molecular substances such as moisture and impurities, which causes the conductivity of the fiber to be higher than the theoretical estimate. Moreover, there are always some unstable polar groups and atoms on the macromolecules of the fiber, and not all electrons are firmly bound to the molecules and atoms, so there are always certain carriers (electrons and ions) . This kind of carriers will increase under the action of external electric field, temperature and pressure, and even increase in a geometric progression. Therefore, although fiber is said to be an insulator, its insulation property is a relative condition value, that is, it has a certain conductivity.
The conductivity of fibers mainly depends on the appendages in the fibers, and secondly on the conductivity of the fiber molecules themselves and the effects of external conditions. The conductivity index σ of the fiber is generally 10-9~10-15S/cm. In the presence of antistatic agents, high levels of easily ionizable substances on the surface, and high water vapor partial pressure, the conductivity of the fiber will be greatly improved, sometimes reaching 10-7S/cm. FwNEySwQ
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