[Fabric knowledge] Development trends of home textile fabrics
In addition to the inherent quality requirements, the fabrics used in the early days of home textiles only had shrinkage and color fastness. Certain requirements. With the rapid development of the domestic home textile market, there are higher requirements for the functionality of home textile fabrics. Users also have strict requirements for home textiles: for towels, adults and children must use them every day, so the fabrics have higher requirements for water absorption, antibacterial and deodorizing properties; for bedding, while pursuing warmth retention , and should not be too heavy; for curtains, they must not only play a decorative role indoors, but also have higher requirements for windproofness and waterproofness; for sofa fabrics, in addition to beautiful appearance and good hand feel, In addition, the fabric’s good anti-stain and stain removal properties are also an important criterion. These performance requirements are very demanding from the perspective of textile technology, and many indicators even conflict with each other. No single natural or chemical fiber can meet these requirements. These functions can only be achieved through the combination of multiple fibers and multi-channel chemical finishing.
1. Warmth retention: Although warmth retention is closely related to fabric thickness, users do not like quilts and other bedding products to be too heavy. Therefore, being both warm and lightweight has become a basic requirement for current bedding products. A common method to achieve this requirement is to make the inside of the polyester fiber into a porous hollow shape, so that the fiber contains a large amount of stagnant air, and the outside into a spiral curl shape to maintain fluffiness, so it can play a good role while ensuring a light texture. insulation effect.
In addition, special ceramic powders containing chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, and zirconium oxide are added to the spinning solution of polyester and other synthetic fibers, especially nano-scale fine ceramic powders, which can absorb visible light such as sunlight and convert it into heat energy , so it has excellent thermal insulation and heat storage properties. In addition, far-infrared ceramic powder, adhesive and cross-linking agent are formulated into a finishing agent, the fabric is coated, and then dried and baked to make the nano-ceramic powder adhere to the surface of the fabric and between the yarns. This kind of finishing agent has health functions such as antibacterial, deodorizing, and promoting blood circulation.
2. Antibacterial and deodorizing properties: Since towels are often dipped in water and generally placed in a relatively humid environment, microorganisms will multiply in large numbers, which may cause the towels to emit odor and cause the user to feel itchy. Therefore, the requirements for towels are relatively high, and they are treated with antibacterial and deodorizing chemicals. The general approach is to use a finishing agent with bactericidal effect to make it have certain antibacterial properties. In recent years, Japan has done a lot of research on natural antibacterial finishing agents. For example, it uses aromatic oil extracts with bactericidal effects such as aloe vera and mugwort leaves, and coats them in porous organic microcapsules or porous ceramic powders. On the fabric, it is cross-linked and fixed with resin, and the bactericide is slowly released through mechanical effects such as friction and accumulation to achieve the purpose of durable antibacterial finishing. This type of natural antibacterial agent has certain health care functions. However, due to the current limited technology for fixing antibacterial agents, the washing resistance of the antibacterial agent is not good enough. The antibacterial performance decreases every time it is washed, and usually disappears completely after dozens of times.
3. Anti-fouling and decontamination properties: Home textiles such as sofas and cloths are required to be as difficult as possible to be stained by stains, and once stained, they must be easy to wash and remove. The technology generally used at present is to change the surface properties of the fiber and greatly increase the surface tension of the fabric, making it difficult for oil stains and other stains to penetrate into the interior of the fabric. Slight stains can be removed by wiping with a damp cloth, and heavier stains can also be easily removed. Clean. Anti-fouling finishing can not only prevent oil pollution, but also has waterproof and moisture-permeable properties. It is a relatively practical and effective chemical finishing method.
4. Waterproofness: Home textiles such as curtains and sofas require fabrics with good waterproofness. Waterproof fabrics utilize the surface tension properties of water and coat the fabric with a layer of PTFE (similar to the “King of Corrosion-Resistant Fibers”). “Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has the same chemical composition but different physical structure), a chemical coating that enhances the surface tension of the fabric, making it impossible for water droplets to penetrate the pores on the surface tissue of the fabric, thereby achieving a waterproof effect.
5. Moisture permeability: Due to its own usage characteristics, quilt cover home textiles require fabrics with moisture permeability. The moisture permeability of the fabric can be achieved in the fabric structure. For example, a double-layer tissue structure is used. The inner layer of the close-fitting layer is made of hydrophobic fibers and the outer layer is made of hydrophilic fibers. In this way, sweat can be transferred from the skin to the skin by capillary action. On the inner layer of fibers, because the binding force between the outer layer of hydrophilic fibers and water molecules is stronger than that of the inner layer of hydrophobic fibers, the water molecules are again transferred from the inner layer of the fabric to the outer layer and emitted.
6. Antistatic properties: Home textiles are basically made of chemical fiber fabrics. Whenever water is easy to evaporate and the environment is relatively dry, static electricity becomes a problem. Static electricity generally makes household textiles prone to fluffing and pilling, easily contaminated with dust and dirt, and causing an electric shock sensation when close to the skin. Antistatic fabrics are woven from natural fibers, but they are pureNatural fiber fabrics are often expensive and difficult to satisfy consumers of different levels of home textile products. Moreover, even natural fiber fabrics will produce static electricity due to lack of water molecules in a very dry environment. The antistatic finishing method of home textile fabrics mainly uses antistatic agents with hygroscopic effects to coat the surface of the fabric with a chemical film that can absorb water molecules, so that a continuous conductive water film is formed on the surface of the fabric, and the electrostatic conduction escapes. scattered. This method can make the fabric antistatic without affecting its softness and comfort.
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