Introduction to animal leather
Animal leather is a kind of natural leather, which is what we often call genuine leather. It is a fixed and durable substance that is transformed from animal (hide) through a series of physical and chemical processing. It has properties such as softness, toughness, resistance to deformation when exposed to water, resistance to shrinkage when dry, resistance to heat and humidity, and resistance to chemicals. It has special advantages such as good breathability and anti-aging.
There are also many types of animal leather. According to the materials, the common ones are sheep leather, cow leather, horse leather, snake leather, pig leather, crocodile leather, etc. According to the performance, it can be divided into two-layer leather and full-grain leather. Suede leather, modified leather, film leather, composite leather, coated split leather, etc.
Second-layer leather refers to the crushed leather that is pressed through chemical and physical methods during leather processing. This type of leather is relatively hard, easy to break, and does not stretch enough.
Full-grain leather: refers to leather that retains and uses the original surface of animal skin (the growth or scale side), called front leather. Full-grain leather is rarely used directly without being painted. Most of it is beautified and painted such as embossing. The raw materials used in full-grain leather require high-grade raw materials with strong strength, and the processing requirements are also high. It is a high-grade leather. Leather, and the surface of the leather is completely retained in the skin and has good fastness. The surface of the full-grain leather is not painted or painted and is very thin, maintaining the softness, elasticity and good breathability of the leather. Its finished products Comfortable, durable and beautiful.
Suede leather: refers to leather with a velvety surface. The one made by grinding the front side of the leather (the side with hair or scales) is called nubuck, and the one made by grinding the back side (the flesh side) of the leather is called suede leather. Suede, made of two layers of leather and linen, is called second layer suede. Since suede leather has no coating layer, its air permeability is better and its softness is improved, but its waterproofness, dustproofness and maintenance properties are deteriorated. Nubuck leather without grain has lower fastness. Suede leather products are comfortable to wear and have good hygienic properties. However, except for suede leather made by oil tanning, suede leather is easy to get dirty and difficult to clean and maintain. It is mainly used in the production of leather shoes, leather clothing, leather bags, and gloves.
Modified leather: refers to leather that has partially or completely removed the original surface of animal skin and then applied an artificial film on it. There are first-layer modified leather and second-layer modified leather. Most of the surface films are made of various chemical materials. The prepared coating liquid is made by coating multiple times and pressing certain patterns. Some coated leathers are made by transferring a pre-made chemical film to the leather surface, which is also called transfer leather or film leather. Modified leather is mainly To make up for the lack of material surface, it has poor air permeability, low fastness, reduced folding resistance and aging resistance. It is not as comfortable to wear as full-grain leather, but it has good water resistance and is easy to clean and maintain.
Composite leather refers to a layer of rubber film compounded on split leather. It has good chemical resistance and durability and is suitable for boots.
“Genuine leather” is a common term in the leather products market. It is a customary name for natural leather to distinguish it from synthetic leather. In the minds of consumers, “genuine leather” also has a non-fake meaning. It is mainly made from animal skins. There are many kinds of genuine leather, with various varieties, different structures, different qualities, and different prices. Therefore, genuine leather is not only a general term for all natural leather, but also an ambiguous label in the commodity market. From a physiological point of view, any animal skin has hair, epidermis and dermis. Because the dermis contains small mesh-like fiber bundles, it is quite strong and breathable. The epidermis is located under the hair, close to the dermis, and is composed of epidermal cells arranged in different shapes. The thickness of the epidermis varies with different animals. For example, the thickness of the epidermis of cowhide is 0.5 to 1.5% of the total thickness; the thickness of sheepskin and goatskin is 2 to 3%; and the thickness of pigskin is 2 to 5%. The dermis is located below the epidermis, between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue, and is the main part of the rawhide. Its weight or thickness accounts for more than 90% of the raw hide.
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