Development status of recycled textile industry
The development of the global textile industry chain has increased per capita annual textile consumption from 7kg to 13kg, with the total amount exceeding 100 million tons. Waste textiles are produced annually The capacity reaches 40 million tons. In 2017, the average recycling rate of waste textiles in the European Union exceeded 35% and in Japan exceeded 20%. In 2020, mainland my country recycled 4.3 million tons of textiles, and the output of chemical fibers exceeded 60 million tons. Although the export volume of textiles is high, the recycling ratio is low. There are still more than two-thirds of the world’s waste textiles that cannot be upcycled.
The so-called renewable textiles are usually considered to be recycled textiles that can be reused, and the remade products have basically the same performance and even higher value fabrics. For biodegradable “disposable” textile products that do not have immediate economic value for recycling, they can be buried in compost. In addition to this concept of circular economy, industrial technology divides recycling into two types: upgrading and downgrading. Upgrading and regeneration is used in areas with higher physical and chemical performance requirements. Downgraded recycling is considered to be used for products with lower performance requirements than the original ones. For example, waste silk in the production process of high-performance fibers can be cut into short pieces and used as filling materials and filter materials; cotton fabrics can be used for thermal insulation and insulation materials after mechanical recycling.
Textile recycling methods mainly include mechanical, physical and chemical methods. The mechanical method is to machine textiles into thin strips or fibers for re-weaving or changing the main purpose of textiles; the physical method is mainly aimed at synthetic fibers, especially fibers formed by melt spinning, which are melted at high temperatures to make the textiles into melts. After filtering impurities, they are then spun or used in other products. Some high-performance fibercomposite materials remove epoxy resin, etc. at high temperatures, restore the fiber state, and cut and crush them. Used for non-textile products; the chemical method is mainly aimed at the separation and recycling of various textile fibers. In more cases, it is used to purify the recycled materials, better remove impurities and dyes, and implement upgrading and regeneration.
In 2020, my country’s polyester fiber output was 49.3575 million tons, accounting for 72% of the total; cotton was 8.6 million tons, accounting for 12%; viscose3.95 million tons, Accounting for 5.8%; nylon (including PA6, PA66 fiber) accounts for 5.6%; the remaining fibers total less than 4%. The 49.3575 million tons of polyester fiber does not include polyester bottle recycled short fiber and filament, and the output of this part exceeds 4 million tons. In order to ensure food supply, the output of natural fibers such as cotton, linen, and wool has shown an overall downward trend. Replacing some natural fibers with synthetic fibers is a phased strategy. Synthetic fiber raw materials can be sourced from bio-based resources, and recycled resources should be used to gradually get rid of over-reliance on non-renewable resources. This is not only of practical significance for saving resources, protecting the environment and reducing arable land occupation, but also for the construction of a circular economy and Development is of greater significance.
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