1 Common textile calculation formulas are divided into two types: fixed-length calculation formulas and fixed-weight calculation formulas
Calculation formula for fixed length system
(1), Denier (D) =g/L*9000 where g is the weight of the silk thread (grams), and L is the silk thread Length (meter)
(2), tex (number) [tex(H)]: tex=g/L*1000 where g is yarn (or silk ) weight (grams), L is the length of yarn (or silk) (meters)
(3), decitex (dtex): dtex=g/L* 9000 where g is the weight of the silk thread (grams), L is the length of the silk thread (meters)
2 Calculation of fixed weight Formula
(1), metric count (N): N=L/G where G is the weight of the yarn (or silk) (grams), L is the yarn (or silk) ) length (meters)
(2), inch count (S): S=L/(G*840) where G is the weight of the silk thread (pounds), L Is the length of the silk thread (code)
3 Select the conversion formula
(1), the conversion formula of metric number (N) and denier (D) = 9000/N
(2), the imperial number (S) and denier The conversion formula of Er (D) = 5315/S
(3), the conversion formula of decitex (dtex) and tex (tex): 1tex=10dtex
(4), the conversion formula of tex (tex) and denier (D): tex=D/9
(5), the conversion formula between tex and imperial count (S): tex=K/S K value: pure cotton yarn K=583.1, purified fiber K=590.5, polyester-cotton yarn K=587.6, cotton viscose yarn (75 :25)K=584.8 Textile cotton yarn (50:50)K=587.0
(6) Conversion formula between tex (tex) and metric number (N): tex =1000/N
(7), the conversion formula of decitex (dtex) and denier (D): dtex=10D/9
(8), the conversion formula between decitex (dtex) and imperial count (S): dtex=10K/S K value: pure cotton yarn K=583.1 pure fiber K=590.5 polyester-cotton yarn K =587.6 Cotton viscose yarn (75:25)K=584.8 Textile cotton yarn (50:50)K=587.0
(9), dtex and metric count The conversion formula of number (N): dtex=10000/N
(10), the conversion formula of metric centimeter (cm) and imperial inch (inch): 1inch=2.54cm
(11), the conversion formula for metric meters (M) and imperial yards (yd): 1 yard = 0.9144 meters
( 12). The conversion formula between the square meter weight of satin (g/m2) and the millimeter (m/m): 1m/m=4.3056g/m2
(13), The conversion formula between the actual weight of satin and the pound weight: pound weight (lb) = weight per meter of silk (g/m)*0.9144(m/yd)*50(yd)/453.6(g/yd)
4 About the abbreviation of fabrics
C: Cotton
W: Wool
M: Mohair
RH: Rabbit hair
AL: Alpaca alpaca
S: Silk
J: Jute
L: linen
Ts: Tussah silk
YH: Yark hair yak hair
Ly: lycra
Ram: Ramine ramie
Hem: Hemp
T: Polyester
WS: Cashmere
N: Nylon nylon (nylon)
A: Acrylic acrylic
Tel: Tencel, which is Lyocell Trade name of fiber
La: Lambswool
Md: Model
CH: Camel hair
CVC: chief value of cotton (polyester content less than 60%)
Ms: Mulberry silk
R: Rayon viscose
5 Fiber name abbreviation code
Natural fiber silk S
Hemp L
Man-made fiber viscose R
Acetate CA
Triacetate CTA
Copper ammonia fiber CVP
Rich and strong fiber Polynosic
Protein fiber PROT
Newcell
Synthetic fiber carbon fiber CF
Polyphenylene sulfide fiber PPS
Polyacetal fiber POM
Phenolic fiber PHE
Elastic fiber PEA
Polyetherketone fiber PEEK
Preoxidized acrylic PANOF
Modified acrylic MAC
Vinyl PVAL
Polyvinyl acetal fiber PVB
Spandex PU
Boron fiber EF
Chlorine-containing fiber CL
High-pressure cationic dyeable Polyester fiber CDP
Normal pressure boiling dyed cationic dyeable fiber ECDP
Polylactic acid fiber PLA
Polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber PTT
Polybutylene terephthalate fiber PBT
Polyethylene naphthalate fiber PEN
Polyethylene, polypropylene blend fiber ES
Chloropropylene Pvo
Polydioxanone fiber PDS
Elastic diene fiber ED
Hypo-aramid fiber PPT
Para-aramid fiber PPTA
Aramid sulfone fiber PDSTA
Polyimide fiber Pi
Ultra high strength and high modulus polyethylene fiber CHMW-PE
Other metal fiber MTF
Glass fiber GE
6 fabric Classification and testing methods
Fabric composition:
Fiber——>Yarn——> Fabric (fabric)
Fabric:
Woven fabric (wovenfabric)
Knitted fabric (knittedfabric)
Non-woven fabric (non-wovenfabric)
1. Visual inspection of hand feel Method:
This method is suitable for textile raw materials in the form of loose fibers.
(1) Cotton fiber is shorter and thinner than ramie fiber and other hemp craft fibers and wool fibers, and is often accompanied by various impurities and defects.
(2), hemp fiber hand�Brown lumps.
(9), vinylon fiber: close to the flame: melting and shrinking; contacting the flame: melting, burning; leaving the flame: continue to burn, emitting black smoke; odor: unique fragrance; residue Characteristics: Irregular burnt brown lumps.
7 Common concepts of fabrics
1. Warp direction, warp yarn, Warp density – the length direction of the fabric; the yarns in this direction are called warp yarns; the number of yarns arranged within 1 inch is the warp density (warp density);
2. Weft Directional, weft yarn, weft yarn density – the width direction of the fabric; the yarn in this direction is called the weft yarn, and the number of yarns arranged within 1 inch is the weft density (weft yarn density);
3. Density – used to indicate the number of yarns per unit length of woven fabrics, generally the number of yarns within 1 inch or 10 centimeters. China’s national standards stipulate that the number of yarns within 10 centimeters is used to indicate density. However, textile companies are still accustomed to using the number of yarns within 1 inch to express density. For example, the commonly seen “45X45/108X58” means that the warp and weft yarns are 45 respectively, and the warp and weft density are 108 and 58.
4. Width – the effective width of the fabric, generally expressed in inches or centimeters. Common ones are 36 inches, 44 inches, 56-60 inches, etc., which are called respectively. It is made into narrow, medium and wide widths. Fabrics higher than 60 inches are extra wide and are generally called wide fabrics. The width of extra wide fabrics in my country today can reach 360 cm. The width is generally marked after the density. For example, if the fabric mentioned in 3 is added with the width, it will be expressed as: “45X45/108X58/60”, which means the width is 60 inches.
5. Gram weight – The gram weight of fabric is generally the number of grams of fabric weight per square meter. Gram weight is an important technical indicator of knitted fabrics. Woolen woolen fabrics usually also use gram weight as an important technical indicator. The weight of denim fabric is generally expressed in “ounces (OZ)”, which is the number of ounces of fabric weight per square yard, such as 7 ounces, 12 ounces of denim, etc.;
6 , Yarn-dyed fabric – called “first-dyed fabric” in Japan, which refers to the process of dyeing the yarn or filament first, and then using the colored yarn to weave the fabric. This kind of fabric is called “dyed fabric”, and the production of yarn-dyed fabric Fabric factories are generally called dyeing and weaving factories, such as denim, and most shirt fabrics are dyed fabrics.
8 Classification according to different processing methods
1. Woven fabrics (woven):
Arranged vertically to each other, that is, transversely Fabrics made of two systems of yarns and longitudinal yarns interwoven according to certain rules on a loom. There are denim, brocade, panel cloth, linen yarn, etc.
2. Knitted fabric:
A fabric formed by knitting yarn into loops, divided into weft knitting and warp knitting.
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a. Weft-knitted fabrics are made by feeding the weft threads from the weft direction to the working needles of the knitting machine, so that the yarns are bent into loops in order and inserted into each other.
b. Warp knitted fabric is made by using one or several groups of parallel arranged yarns, which are looped simultaneously on all the working needles fed into the knitting machine in the warp direction. .
3. Non-woven fabrics:
Put loose fibers It is made by bonding or suturing. At present, bonding and puncture are mainly used. This processing method can greatly simplify the process, reduce costs, improve labor productivity, and has broad development prospects.
9 Classification according to the yarn raw materials constituting the fabric
1. Pure textile fabric: constituting the fabric The raw materials are all made of the same fiber, including cotton fabric, wool fabric, silk fabric, polyester fabric, etc.
2. Blended fabric: the raw materials that make up the fabric are made of two or more The above different types of fibers are blended into yarns, including polyester-viscose, polyester-nitrile, polyester-cotton and other blended fabrics.
3. Blended fabrics: constitute fabrics The raw materials are made of single yarns of two types of fibers, which are combined to form strands. There are low-elastic polyester filaments and medium-length blends, and polyester short fibers and low-elastic polyester filaments are blended to form strands. Etc.
4. Interwoven fabric: The raw materials constituting the two-directional system of the fabric are made of different fiber yarns, including antique satin intertwined with silk and rayon, nylon and rayon. Interwoven nylon woven etc.
10 Classification according to whether the raw materials of the fabric are dyed or not
1. White Gray fabric: Fabric processed from raw materials that have not been bleached or dyed. It is also called raw fabric in silk weaving.
2. Colored fabrics: Fabrics are made from bleached and dyed raw materials or fancy threads. Silk fabrics are also called cooked fabrics.
11 Classification of novel fabrics
1. Bonded fabric: by Two pieces of fabric are bonded back to back. Bonded fabrics include organic fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, vinyl plastic films, etc. They can also be combined in different ways.
2. Flocking fabric: The fabric is covered with short and dense fiber fluff, which has a velvet style and can be used as clothing and decorative materials.
3. Foam laminated fabric: Foam plastic is adhered to a woven or knitted fabric as the base fabric, and is mostly used as cold-proof clothing.
4. Coated fabric: The base fabric of woven fabric or knitted fabric is coated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC), neoprene, etc., which has excellent waterproof function . </p
