Dye belongs to the chemical raw materials and chemical product manufacturing industry, and the subdivision industry belongs to the dye manufacturing industry. Dyes are substances that can attach a certain color to fibers and prevent them from falling off or changing color. According to the properties and application methods of dyes, dyes in my country are divided into eight categories: direct dyes, disperse dyes, reactive dyes, and acid dyes.
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Industry Development Overview
The development of my country’s dye industry is inseparable from the textile industry. After the 1990s, my country’s dye industry also ushered in rapid development due to the adjustment of the pattern of the world’s dye industry and textile industry. Before the 2008 financial crisis, the output of my country’s dye manufacturing industry increased from 257,000 tons in 2000 to 678,000 tons in 2008. The industry was extremely prosperous. In 2004, China’s dye output ranked first in the world, accounting for approximately 60% of the world’s total dye production. After the financial crisis broke out in 2008, due to insufficient export demand for downstream textiles and leather products, dye production fell by 10% year-on-year. Since the first quarter of 2009, the dye industry has bottomed out and maintained steady growth. In 2012, affected by the European debt crisis, the performance of all companies declined to a certain extent. In 2013, with the continuous escalation of the country’s environmental protection rectification efforts, some companies that did not meet environmental protection standards reduced or stopped production, the industry was reorganized, and the prices of major dye products continued to rise. Trend, as of 2018, my country’s dye market output has exceeded one million tons, and its sales have exceeded 60 billion yuan.
Main obstacles to entering this industry:
(1) Qualification barriers
If the raw materials and finished products involved in the production of dye enterprises are hazardous chemicals, according to the “Safety Production License Regulations”, they need to obtain a “Safety Production License” from the local Work Safety Supervision Bureau. . In addition, according to the “Regulations on the Administration of Industrial Product Production Licenses”, dye production companies must apply for an “Industrial Product Production License” before they can produce and sell products. This license is difficult to apply for and takes a long time. Therefore, the ability to obtain relevant business qualifications will also become an industry barrier for new companies entering the industry.
(2) Sales barriers
Product sales network is one of the key factors to enter this industry one. First, a sound sales network and a stable and high-quality customer base are important bargaining chips for a company to win in the competition. Once a customer trusts a dye manufacturer’s products, the customer will maintain a long-term and stable supply and demand relationship with the dye manufacturer, and other dye manufacturers will It is difficult for companies to intervene, so companies that enter first can quickly capture high-quality customers; secondly, the establishment and improvement of an international sales network, and the accumulation of a considerable number of high-quality customer resources will take a long time to complete. It will form an obvious first-mover advantage; thirdly, the establishment cost of international sales network is very high, but the maintenance cost is relatively low, and it will be more difficult for later entrants to compete for their market share.
(3) Technical barriers
Dye production and design of complex processes, especially dyes The synthesis, separation and post-processing processes are complex and long, requiring high technical level. Modern dye manufacturing companies need to adopt advanced environmentally friendly production processes. As environmental awareness gradually increases, the international market has increased restrictions on harmful chemicals such as dyes, carcinogenic aromatic amines and environmental hormones. More and more dyes and auxiliaries have been banned. All dyes related to bans, allergies, and excessive heavy metal content are restricted. New production processes and methods put forward higher requirements for the company’s product innovation capabilities and increase industry entry barriers.
(4) Brand barriers
Dye manufacturers The quantity is large, and product quality and brand have become necessary conditions for enterprises to obtain excess profits. The value of product brands is reflected in high customer awareness, high bargaining power, rapid expansion of production capacity, and high market share. In particular, there are currently many small and medium-sized dye companies in the country, and the quality of their products is uneven. The cost of replacing dyes for downstream companies is relatively high. Therefore, for new entrants, whether they can establish brand advantages will become one of the industry barriers.
(5) Barriers to environmental protection requirements
Dye manufacturing companies will inevitably encounter problems during the production process Produce three wastes. As awareness of environmental protection gradually increases, the state has strengthened macro-control efforts in these aspects. The Eighth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress voted to adopt the “Environmental Protection Law Amendment” on April 24, 2014, which regulates all aspects of environmental protection, including the dye industry. The pollution industry has put forward more stringent environmental protection requirements. The three-waste treatment capabilities possessed by dye manufacturing enterprises, especially wastewater treatment capabilities, will be an important factor for the enterprise to gain a foothold and even develop in the dye industry. Existing laws and regulations have high environmental protection requirements for dye production companies, and the high environmental protection costs incurred each year will restrict new companies from entering the industry.
|Favorable factors affecting industry development
(1) National industrial policy support
As mentioned above, our government has been committed to vigorously guiding the dye industry to gradually transform into a capital-intensive and technology-intensive industry. “Dye Industry” 12The “Five-Year Development Plan Outline” proposes to develop production at a growth rate of 3-3.5% in total volume and 8-10% in total industrial output value, so that the overall level of the dye industry will enter the forefront of the world and initially build a strong dye industry. “Dye Industry “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” The “Development Plan” points out that in the future, the industry needs to strengthen the sealing, integration, intelligence and information transformation of reaction equipment to achieve automation of process parameters such as temperature, acidity, pressure, flow rate and reaction rate throughout the reaction process, and improve The atomic utilization rate of raw materials can reduce excess substances and make the reaction more accurate and reasonable. At the same time, a number of automated or continuous demonstration production lines for dyes, pigments, and intermediates should be built. Through transformation and demonstration promotion, the overall technology and equipment level of the industry should be improved. The ecological safety and environmental protection upgrades of pigments have also been included in the focus of innovation. During the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, the industry should strengthen the development of products that meet various market needs, such as new processes, new fibers, and energy conservation and emission reduction requirements for the textile printing and dyeing industry. Dyes; suitable for textiles that can block harmful substances and germs, and dye products that require high flame retardancy and fire-proof textiles; suitable for dyes for supercritical dyeing, dyes for biomarking, temporarily soluble dyes, etc.
With the development of China’s chemical industry from extensive to refined, and the widespread application of high and new technologies, the independent innovation capabilities and industrial technology level of China’s dye manufacturing industry will be significantly improved. At the same time, The government’s active investment will support technology research and development in this industry to improve the industrial environment and assist the upgrading and transformation of the traditional dye manufacturing industry.
(2) Domestic market Huge scale
The textile and leather industries downstream of the domestic dye industry have complete upstream, mid-stream and downstream systems, and their huge demand can drive the rapid development of the dye industry . At present, China’s production, export and consumption of dye products rank among the top in the world, and the market size is huge.
(3) Local resource advantages
Compared with other countries, in terms of resources or prices, China’s dye manufacturing enterprises have considerable advantages in land use, energy, infrastructure, public works and dye intermediates. This is the reason why China’s dye manufacturing enterprises have considerable advantages. The unique advantages of industry. The petroleum and coal industries are China’s dominant industries, providing raw materials and energy guarantees for the dye industry; China’s status as a major textile country and the vast application fields of dyes enable the products of China’s dye industry to have a stable market Basics. Our country has abundant labor resources. Compared with developed countries, our labor force is “cheap”; compared with developing countries, it is “high quality”. Companies with labor cost advantages are bound to win in the international market. Seize the opportunity.
(4) The technical level is improving year by year
At present, dye production The more important high-tech technologies in the process include catalytic technology, sulfur trioxide sulfonation technology, continuous nitrification technology, adiabatic nitrification technology, directional chlorination technology, combined efficiency technology, solvent reaction technology and various cleaning process technologies. While improving product quality, it greatly reduces the emission of three wastes, and can even eliminate the three wastes in the process to achieve zero emission of three wastes. In addition, the level of production equipment supporting the dye industry has also been improved, and key equipment such as large-scale clean production technology and equipment for leading varieties and key intermediates, and process control automation have been successfully applied. Technologies such as hydrogenation reduction, membrane filtration, and puree drying have been included in the catalog of key industrial clean production technology demonstration and promotion projects of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Industry Development Trends
my country has become the world’s largest producer of dyes in terms of production, trade and consumption. The largest country in the world, dye production accounts for about 70% of the world’s total dye production. The main domestic dye production areas are in Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province, Shandong Province and Shanghai City, with output accounting for 90% of the country’s total output. The industry is highly concentrated. As far as disperse dyes are concerned, Zhejiang Runtu, Zhejiang Longsheng and Zhejiang Jihua rank among the top three dye companies in China. In recent years, as the national safety and environmental protection situation continues to tighten, some small dye production capacities have withdrawn from the market, and the supply of the dye industry has shrunk. The “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Dyestuff Industry” issued by the China Dyestuff Industry Association points out that dye companies must cater to the needs of market development, meet the requirements for supplying new processes, new fibers, and energy conservation and emission reduction for textile printing and dyeing, and bridge the gap between the creation and research and development of new dye varieties. The gap between capabilities and foreign advanced levels; accelerating the integration and automation of the company’s dye and pigment production methods and the modernization and upgrading of equipment.
As the domestic safety and environmental protection situation becomes increasingly severe, the dye industry is facing fluctuations in the supply of upstream raw materials and the pressure of increased investment in dye production equipment upgrades and environmental protection technology transformation, affecting The production capacity of some enterprises has been restricted, and some small dye production capacities have gradually withdrawn from the market, and the supply of dyes has shrunk. On the other hand, the downstream printing and dyeing industry is facing the pressure of eliminating backward production capacity and upgrading technology. In the short term, it may affect the demand for dyes and face the risk of increasing difficulty in payment recovery. However, in the long term, it will help eliminate more backward production capacity and improve superior production capacity. Concentration is conducive to the development of oligarchs in upstream and downstream industries.
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