The reason why new fiber is called new fiber is that the shape, performance or other aspects of the fiber are different from the original traditional fiber, and the fiber has been improved in some aspects in order to meet the needs of production and life. New fibers can be divided into new natural fibers, new cellulose fibers, soy protein fibers, water-soluble fibers, functional fibers, differentiated fibers, high-performance fibers and highly sensitive fibers.
New fibers emerged under the condition that traditional fibers no longer meet people’s needs in certain aspects and solve some of the shortcomings of traditional fibers. It reflects people’s increasing requirements for textile materials. At the same time, the development of new fibers reflects the future development trends and directions of fiber materials. Therefore, studying the current development status and types of new fibers is of great significance to the further development and development of new fibers in the future.
1. The development prospects of new fibers
With people’s increasing awareness of environmental protection and the current development status of new fibers, it is not difficult for us to see The trend of new fiber development is now towards diversification, novelty and environmental protection. With the improvement of people’s living standards and the defects of certain fibers themselves, people are not only satisfied with the currently developed fibers, but also pursue diversification in fiber materials; the development of new products for various fabrics requires the emergence of various new fibers, which requires The novelty of new fibers; due to the great environmental problems caused by the production process of chemical fibers and waste fibers, this requires the development of new fibers in the future to be environmentally friendly.
In addition, the development of new textile fibers depends on the level of polymer science, and my country’s current level of polymer science development is low, which leads to Many high-performance materials and high value-added products need to be imported. For example, the production of medical sutures and high-performance artificial blood vessels is almost blank in our country. To this end, scientific researchers should devote themselves to developing various high-performance polymer materials to promote the development and application of new textile fibers.
2. The significance of the development of new fibers
The application of new textile materials has given vitality to the traditional textile industry, coupled with the integration of textile mechatronics , the advancement of intelligence and new production techniques have made this ancient industry full of vitality and regained its luster. The continuous development and use of new natural fibers not only saves energy such as oil, but also reduces environmental pollution. Natural fibers have a certain affinity for the human body. Some natural fibers also have medical and health care functions. As people advocate nature and return to nature, The pursuit of nature continues to grow, and the development and use of natural fibers is increased, giving it a broader market prospect.
3. Classification of new fibers
1. New natural fibers
New natural fibers mainly include natural colored cotton and modified There are two major categories of wool. Ordinary cotton fabrics need to go through chemical bleaching and dyeing processes to become colorful. Textiles made of natural colored cotton can have colorful colors without chemical dyeing and finishing processes. They can be said to be green and environmentally friendly products in the true sense. Currently, natural colored cotton is mainly There are three series of colored cottons: brown, green and brown. As people’s consumption of green textiles becomes more and more intense, great hopes have been placed on the use of natural colored cotton. Modified wool is processed through wool deformation, so that the diameter of the wool fiber can be reduced to 0.5-1µm, the hand feel becomes soft and delicate, the hygroscopicity, wear resistance, heat preservation, dyeing performance, etc. are improved, and the luster becomes brighter.
2. New cellulose fiber
New cellulose fiber is known as the “green fiber” of the 21st century. It has a soft hand, good drape, mercerized luster, moisture absorption and breathability , antistatic and high wet strength characteristics. New fibers mainly include Lyocell, model, riche, etc. The blended products of new cellulose fibers and other fibers are increasingly expanding, breaking through the pattern that viscose fibers are mainly used in coarse woolen fabrics, and are used in the development of worsted products and knitwear The product grade has been improved and it is suitable for making women’s clothing and casual clothing.
3. Soy protein fiber
Soy protein fiber is a regenerated plant protein fiber. Regenerated protein fiber is a protein solution extracted from natural animal milk or plants. Made by spinning. It has low monofilament linear density, low density, high elongation, good acid and alkali resistance, soft hand feel, wool-like feel, silk-like soft luster, cotton fiber’s moisture absorption and moisture conductivity, and wearing comfort. , wool has warmth, but poor heat resistance, and the fiber itself is beige. In addition, soybean protein fiber has wide variety adaptability, wool-type products have better styles, women’s clothing fabrics have better styles, and cotton-type fabrics are ideal medium-thick clothing fabrics.
4. Water-soluble fiber
Water-soluble fiber refers to a kind of excessive technical fiber among textile fibers. It uses a kind of fiber that can be dissolved in water under certain process conditions. Fiber, most of which are blended with other fibers, can make the fluffy yarn count of textile yarn fabrics thinner, making the fabric soft, light and fluffy. They mainly include water-soluble vinylon, water-soluble PVA, water-soluble K-Ⅱ, etc., which are mainly used with spinning process. The advantages of water-soluble fiber companion spinning include: ① Low raw material cost, water-soluble PVA fiber companion spinning can be used with ordinary wool.��Spinning low linear density, light and thin products ②High textile efficiency, using water-soluble fiber as companion spinning, reducing spinning breakages, increasing yarn strength, reducing unevenness, and reducing defects ③High-grade fabrics, after using water-soluble fiber blending, The fabric’s smoothness, fluffiness, and overall style value (THV) are all improved.
5. Functional fibers
Functional fibers are divided into three categories: the first category is to modify conventional synthetic fibers to overcome their inherent shortcomings; the second category is to target natural The properties that fibers and chemical fibers do not originally have are endowed with additional properties such as heat storage, conductivity, water absorption, hygroscopicity, antibacterial, deodorization, aroma, and flame retardancy through chemical and physical modification methods, making them more suitable for human wearing comfort and decoration. Application; the third category has special functions, such as high-strength, high-modulus, heat-resistant, and flame-retardant high-performance fibers. It mainly includes organic conductive fiber, elastic fiber, anti-UV fiber, antibacterial and deodorant fiber, negative ion fiber, chitin fiber, high moisture absorption fiber, etc. High-functional fibers are mainly used in certain aspects of production and life, and their functions are particularly outstanding in these aspects.
6. Differentiated fiber
Differentiated fiber is a fiber with certain characteristics and functions made by physical and chemical modification of conventional fibers. In a narrow sense, The definition is only for taking fiber, while the broad definition includes all application areas of fiber products. According to its functions, it can be divided into anti-static, anti-pilling, dust-proof, conductive, anti-radiation, super functional fiber, biological functional fiber, etc. Differentiated fibers have the characteristics of improved adaptability, improved fiber performance, naturalization, personalization, increased product added value, and improved spinnability.
7. High-performance fiber
High-performance fiber is a special fiber with mechanical properties and a strength of 18cN/dtex and an initial modulus of 441cN/dtex. The main varieties include organic fiber para-aramid, fully aromatic polyester, ultra-high molecular weight high-strength polyethylene fiber, etc. The inorganic fiber is mainly carbon fiber. High-performance fibers have good tensile properties, shear properties, fatigue resistance, good thermal insulation and heat dissipation properties, etc. Different high-performance fibers focus on different properties.
8. Highly sensitive fiber
Highly sensitive fiber refers to a type of fiber among high-functional fibers that has special contributions to the feel, style, touch, texture and appearance of finished products. , so that the final product may have a unique style, be better than natural fibers, or achieve special wearing functions in terms of wearing performance. It is a “new synthetic fiber”, “super simulation fiber”, “super natural fiber” and various subsequent new types. The general term for dietary fiber is also called new sensory fiber.
4. Development trends of new fiber materials
Currently, under the influence of the global sustainable development strategy, many countries are committed to researching new fibers that do not affect the ecological environment and can utilize ecological resources. It is also proposed that new fiber materials must pass toxicology tests, have corresponding signs, and comply with environmental protection, ecology, and human health requirements. The new type of textile materials has become a development direction that the world is paying attention to. Using green raw materials to develop ecological fibers, using biotechnology to develop degradable fibers, and choosing resource-saving and recyclable fiber raw materials have become the current trend in the development of new textile materials.
Using green raw materials to develop new fibers Using green raw materials to develop new fibers has become the main way to obtain new textile materials and a hot spot in research and development. From edible bananas, wheat, soybeans, corn, milk, shrimps, crabs, etc. to wood, insects, and spiders, they have become sources of new fiber materials. Today’s green raw materials include original natural substances, extracts based on natural substances and reprocessed products of original fibers.
Recycling materials means that the raw materials and energy used are rationally utilized in continuous cycles, saving ecological resources. Modern textiles require materials that can be recycled, regenerated, and developed sustainably. Therefore, the development and utilization of recycled materials should be the development trend of new materials in the future. Natural fiber materials are a huge regenerative biopolymer resource on the earth. As a resource recycling material that “comes from nature and returns to nature”, it has irreplaceable development advantages.
Man-made fiber materials are traditional textile materials. Most of their raw materials are natural and renewable non-petroleum resources, which meet the needs of sustainable development. Synthetic fibers are mostly petroleum compounds, and petroleum is a primary resource, and conventional synthetic fibers are non-renewable and non-degradable. At present, how to recycle synthetic fibers is the focus of ecological materials research. It is also the most active waste treatment method to control environmental pollution, save resources and energy, and promote the recycling of synthetic materials. Raw material recycling for polymer and fiber recovery and chemical recycling systems for monomer recovery have been developed. Returning to nature and adapting to the environment are the general development trends of textile materials.
The development of ecological textile materials provides a guarantee for protecting the living environment and realizing the sustainable development of the textile industry, and meets the requirements of the green and environmentally friendly era of the 21st century. With the civilization and progress of society, it can be considered that the future textile industry will be a green ecological industry. </p
