Nanomaterials refer to materials whose size reaches the nanoscale and causes changes in properties. The size changes of nanomaterials give them surface effects, small size effects and quantum size effects. Textile functional finishing is a method that can meet the special functions of textiles in production, life, etc., and increase their added value. It has become a development trend in the textile industry to apply nanomaterials to the functional finishing of textiles to prepare functional textiles with single or multiple properties such as antibacterial, anti-ultraviolet, antistatic, self-cleaning, conductive, anti-wrinkle and high added value. one.
UV-resistant finishing
Anti-UV finishing is to treat nanomaterials to the fiber surface and further fix them on the textile. When light irradiates the textile, the quantum size effect and surface effect of the nanoparticles cause most of the ultraviolet rays to be absorbed Or reflection, thereby reducing the amount of ultraviolet rays transmitted to the fabric. Nanoparticles currently used in anti-UV finishing of textiles mainly include TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, etc.
Self-cleaning finishing
The main principles of self-cleaning finishing of textiles are: Both hydrophobic and photocatalytic. The principle of superhydrophobic self-cleaning can be explained by the surface contact angle. The larger the contact angle, the better the water repellency. The key to increasing the contact angle is to increase the microscopic roughness of the fabric surface or reduce its surface energy.
Photocatalytic self-cleaning mainly utilizes the photocatalytic reaction of nano-TiO2. Under light conditions, TiO2 undergoes a strong redox reaction and generates hydroxyl radicals, which can decompose organic matter. Compared with super-hydrophobic surface finishing, photocatalytic surface finishing can catalytically oxidize pollutants only under sunlight. The decomposed products are environmentally friendly and pollution-free. There is no energy loss in the catalytic process. It is an environmentally friendly Friendly technology, more advantages.
Antibacterial finishing
Nano antibacterial materials The quantum size effect allows it to absorb photons or undergo electronic transitions, resulting in changes in energy levels, enhanced reduction and oxidation, and the production of a large number of active hydroxyl radicals and oxygen free radicals that can kill bacteria in a short time. Nanomaterials currently used in antibacterial finishing of textiles include TiO2, ZnO, Ag, etc.
Antistatic finishing
The nanomaterial antistatic finishing of fabrics uses the conductivity of the material to quickly conduct and consume charges, thereby making the fabric achieve antistatic effects. At present, the main nanomaterials used in antistatic finishing of textiles include TiO2, ZnO, Ag, graphene, etc.
Commonly used conductive nanomaterials have many problems when used alone: precious metals have good conductivity, but are expensive; carbon-based materials are easy to deposit, have weak binding force with fabrics, and have deep color etc. Therefore, various conductive nanomaterials are often used in combination to compensate for their respective defects through the synergy between materials in order to achieve better finishing effects.
Conductive finishing
Under normal conditions, the fabric surface lacks free Moving electrons are insulating. Giving fabrics conductivity can adapt them to the diverse needs of modern life. Graphene and carbon nanotubes are widely used in conductive finishing of fabrics due to their excellent electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties.
Other finishing
Nano materials can also be used for functional finishing such as flame retardancy, electromagnetic shielding, and infrared absorption. Lingchao first subjected cotton fabrics to weak oxidation treatment, and then used in-situ ammonia fumigation to prepare high-load ZnO cotton fabrics with better flame retardant effects.
As people’s living environment becomes increasingly complex, functional textiles with single performance can no longer meet people’s needs. It is the general trend to develop high-performance and multi-functional products. Functional nanomaterials are an important part of functional finishing of textiles. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nano-finished textiles with multiple functionalities will become one of the mainstream development trends in the future. </p
