Fabric is a flat, soft piece made up of small, flexible objects that are crossed, knotted, and connected. Fabric is formed when many yarns form a stable relationship. Crossing, knotting and connecting are three stable structural relationships that yarns can form. Keep the fabric in stable shape and specific mechanical properties. By analyzing the yarn groups in the fabric and their running directions, running rules and formed relationships, various fabrics can be clearly understood.
Basic classification of fabrics
1. Woven fabric (woven): a fabric composed of yarns that have a cross relationship. 2. Knitted fabrics (warp knitted, weft knitted): Fabrics composed of yarns with a knotted relationship. 3. Third fabric: A type of fabric composed of yarn groups running in different directions. Adjacent yarns go around knots and cross after meeting. 4. Non-woven fabrics (non-woven fabrics): yarns are composed of connected relationships. Fabric. 5. Tri-directional fabric (multi-directional): There are sets of yarns running in three directions. 6. Three-dimensional fabric: The yarns are bent in different directions to form a three-dimensional fabric. 7. Composite fabric: If the yarn group is fixed by sewing and threading, it can form a composite fabric.
Introduction to woven fabrics
Definition of woven fabrics: fabrics composed of intersecting yarns.
Crossing relationship: The two groups of yarns meet in linear motion and then alternately contact up and down, forming a stable overlapping relationship in the form of sine and cosine curves. Fabrics made of warp and weft yarns interwoven according to certain rules on a loom are called woven fabrics, also known as woven fabrics.
Weaving process
Basic weave of woven fabrics
Plain weave: made of warp yarns The weave formed by alternating weft yarns up and down is called plain weave. Plain weave is the simplest of all fabric weaves.
The parameters of the plain weave are: Rj = Rw = 2Sj = Sw =±1. The plain weave has two warp yarns and two weft yarns interwoven in one weave cycle, with two warp weave points and two Weft point. Since the warp weave point = the weft weave point, the plain weave is a same-plane weave.
Twill weave: A weave in which warp weave points (or weft weave points) are continuous into diagonal lines is called twill weave. The surface of the twill fabric has diagonal lines composed of warp tissue points (or weft tissue points).
The parameters of twill weave are: Rj = Rw ≧3Sj = Sw =±1
Satin weave: separate, Discontinuous warp points (or weft points) are regularly and evenly distributed in the weave cycle. Such a weave is called a satin weave.
The parameters of satin weave are: ① R≧5 (except 6); ② 1 < S < R-1, and is a constant; ③ R and S must be prime numbers to each other. In the satin weave, when the float line is long, a single weave point can be covered by the float line of another system yarn on both sides. For this purpose, R≧5 (except 6) must be used.
Introduction to knitted fabrics
Definition of knitted fabrics: Fabrics composed of yarns with a knotted relationship.
Knotting relationship: A group of yarns make a curved movement of left and right bending, and the yarns adjacent to each other are wrapped around each other to form a stable relationship. Knitted fabric is a fabric formed by the regular movement of yarns through knitting to form loops, and the loops and loops are strung together with each other.
Loop is the smallest basic unit of knitted fabrics and an important symbol for identifying knitted fabrics.
Knitted fabric classification
It is divided into warp knitting according to different production methods. and weft knitting
Weft knitting: One or several yarns are used to form loops by knitting needles sequentially along the transverse direction of the fabric at the same time, and are strung together in the longitudinal direction to form a weft knitted fabric. . Weft knitting can be divided into two categories: single-sided and double-sided.
Warp knitting: The name warp knitting comes from weaving. It is a fabric in which yarns are fed from the warp direction, bent into loops and intertwined with each other. Its characteristic is that each yarn forms only one loop in the course.
The difference between warp knitting and weft knitting is that the loops formed by it are arranged in the vertical direction or the warp direction, and are formed by adjacent yarns being nested with each other.
Knitted fabric characteristics
Dispersion: due to a certain root in knitted fabrics Yarn breakage causes the coils to separate from each other and lose the stringing properties. The greater the yarn friction coefficient and bending stiffness, the shorter the coil length, and the smaller the fabric detachment.
Hemming property: The ability of knitted fabrics to wrap around their edges in a free state. This is caused by the curved yarn in the edge loop trying to straighten out. The thicker the yarn, the better the elasticity, the shorter the loop length, and the better the crimping properties.��Obviously.
Extensibility: the ability of knitted fabrics to elongate in size under external stretching. Because the loops can change shape and size, knitted fabrics have greater extensibility, and changing the tissue structure can reduce the extensibility of knitted fabrics.
Elasticity: The ability of a knitted fabric to return to its original size after external force is removed. It depends on yarn properties, loop length and knitted fabric weave.
Summary
The fabric formed by forming a stable relationship between yarns has a wide range of applications and can be used in Clothing, decoration, automobile industry, medical industry, aerospace and military industry and other fields. It can be said that fabrics are closely related to our lives. </p
