Color matching is a complex, detailed and important work. In addition to basic knowledge of color and keen color discrimination skills, proofing staff should also master the basic principles and rules of color matching, and pay attention to the continuous accumulation of proofing materials. and experience.
Color matching is based on the principle of “subtractive” color mixing. Red, yellow, and blue are often used as the three primary colors. In actual production, in order to make color matching fast, accurate, and economical, it is necessary to master Some principles, otherwise you will act blindly, and haste makes waste.
1. The dyeing properties of color matching dyes should be similar. The dyeing properties of dyes include compatibility (affinity, dyeing rate, etc.), dyeing temperature, level dyeing, dyeing fastness, etc. Try to choose dyes from the same application category and subcategories for color matching, otherwise it will be difficult to formulate the dyeing process, and it is easy to have different shades and different degrees of fading during use. The three primary colors among various types of dyes are often selected dyes with excellent and consistent application performance, so these dyes should be considered when color matching.
2. The number of color matching dyes should not be too many. Generally, the color matching of fabrics should not exceed 3 dyes, which facilitates the adjustment and control of color light. Especially for colors that require high brightness, if there are too many colors, the absorbed light intensity will increase and the brightness will decrease.
3. Try to “depart from the nearest place”, “replenish from the nearest place”, “complement both in one place” and “supply from multiple sources”. For example, if you want to spell green, you can use “yellow + blue”, but the color light of yellow and blue dyes is different, so the color matching effect will be affected, and it will be difficult to adjust.
Therefore, if conditions permit, it is best to choose a more suitable green dye, that is, start from “green”, and then choose other dyes to adjust the color light. Another example is to combine red light with blue light. Try not to use “blue + red”. You should choose a color similar to blue (purple) to supplement the red light, so as to achieve “replenishment nearby”, which makes the color combination operation more convenient and economical.
For example, when trying to match army green, try not to use “green + yellow + gray”. Instead, choose “green + dark yellow”. The dark yellow provides the yellow component and at the same time supplements the achromatic component necessary for army green. , that is, “one complements two”.
You can also choose “dark green + dark yellow”, that is, both dark green and dark yellow provide achromatic components at the same time. This can avoid the difficulty of color and light adjustment caused by too many color matching dyes. At the same time, you should also understand the components of each color-matching dye (because many dyes themselves are made up of several dyes), and try to use dyes from the original components to supplement or adjust the color light to reduce the number of dyes used. . Otherwise, it is better to use the three primary colors for color matching, because the three primary colors are generally not mixed dyes, and their dyeing properties are very similar.
4. Master the principle of residual color and strictly control the color and light. Generally speaking, for colors with high brightness such as red, plum, and fruit green, you must pay attention to the relationship between the remaining colors. Otherwise, although the color matching results can meet the requirements of hue, it will often cause a reduction in brightness and purity, making the color dark. When trying to match fruit green, the yellow dye should be a combination of yellow dye with green light and cyan dye. When trying to match bright red, you must choose yellow dye with red light and magenta dye.
5. Color and light adjustment is only “fine-tuning”. Color light adjustment is based on the residual color relationship as a theoretical basis. As mentioned before, the so-called residual colors are two colors that have achromatic effects on each other. Red and green are complementary colors, that is, we can use green to reduce red. If the red light of a certain color is too strong, you can add a little green to reduce the red light. Because the result of subtraction is black, the use of the residual color relationship to adjust the color can only be a trace amount. If a slightly larger amount is used, the color will become darker and darker, affecting the brightness of the color, and in severe cases, the hue.
If the standard sample is red light and blue light, and the blue light obtained after color matching is more greenish, in order to eliminate the green light, a green residual color, that is, a red-violet dye, can be added. By adding a small amount of red-violet dye, the red in the purple can eliminate the green light and supplement the red light, while the blue is not affected, and red light and blue can be obtained; if too much red-violet is added, although the green light is eliminated, blue and blue light will be produced. A mix of purple colors changes the main color.
6. Fully consider the additivity of color matching dyes.
When dyeing with disperse dyes, each dye has a dyeing saturation value for various fibers. When the dye dosage exceeds the dyeing saturation value of the fiber, the dye uptake rate will not increase as the dye dosage increases. Therefore, dyes with low dyeing saturation values are not easy to dye deep and dense colors.
Sometimes choosing a proper mix of dyes will make the color darker. At this time, it is advisable to choose dyes with large relative molecular weight differences for color matching, because the saturation values of these dyes are additable, that is, the dyeing saturation value after color matching is equal to the sum of the saturation values of each color matching dye when dyed alone.
Therefore, by rationally selecting color-matching dyes, you can reduce the amount of dye and obtain a rich color effect at the same time. Many commercial disperse dyes are reasonably blended by taking advantage of this property of dyes. On the contrary, even if the dye saturation value of the dye is high, if the color matching dye is improperly selected, the dye saturation value will be reduced.
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