In the past two years, Sino-US economic and trade relations have continued to be tense, and the COVID-19 epidemic has swept the world. A series of changes in the situation have drawn much attention to the safety issue of industrial development. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China recently issued the “Recommendations on Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Goals for 2035”, proposing to coordinate development and security, enhance the impact resistance of the industrial system, and provide high-quality services to the textile industry. Development has put forward new directions and requirements for advancement. The core of industrial security is that the industrial chain and supply chain can be independently controlled and maintain stable and healthy development under the conditions of high-level opening up to the outside world. From this perspective, my country’s textile industry has a complete industrial system. There are no significant technical shortcomings in the entire industry chain. Main raw materials and equipment are basically self-sufficient. The domestic sales market has a huge capacity. The export market is rich and diverse. The level of international development is constantly improving. It has the ability to resist external risks. a good industrial foundation.
01 The industrial system is complete and the supply chain is basically autonomous and controllable
In the industrial chain safety assessment of the manufacturing industry carried out by the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the textile industry is one of the five leading industries in the world in my country. my country’s textile industry system is complete, with high-quality manufacturing capabilities in the entire industry chain from fiber raw material processing to daily consumer goods and industrial textiles. There are more than 200 high-quality industrial clusters across the country with complete featured categories. The professional market for raw and auxiliary materials is well-equipped, with wholesale and retail, online and offline The sales channels are flexible and diversified, and a relatively complete domestic independent circulation pattern has been formed. In the field of products related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, the textile industry chain has no obvious gaps in technology and equipment. In 2019, my country’s per capita fiber consumption has exceeded 22 kilograms, basically reaching the level of moderately developed countries; the fiber processing volume of the entire industry can be equivalent to 40 kilograms per capita in China. , capable of meeting the needs of my country’s national economic development, improvement of people’s living standards and response to public emergencies. With the support of a complete industrial manufacturing system, my country’s self-sufficiency rate in chemical fibers and fabrics exceeds 95%, and its yarn self-sufficiency rate exceeds 90%. Clothing and home textile products can fully meet domestic consumer demand. A small amount of imported products are only for variety and brand adjustment, and are used for industrial purposes. Textiles play an increasingly prominent role in infrastructure, medical and health, national defense and security and other fields.
02 With dual support from technology and policy, the risk of raw materials has dropped significantly
Due to the large scale of my country’s textile industry, the demand for raw materials High, raw material supply has become a shortcoming of industrial security in the past. In recent years, with the development of technological innovation and the improvement of the policy system, the supply risk of textile raw materials has dropped significantly.
In terms of chemical fiber raw materials, with the continuous breakthroughs in domestically produced large-capacity complete sets of technology, my country’s chemical fiber industry has achieved sustained development. In 2019, the output reached 59.528 million tons, accounting for approximately 70% of the world’s total, mainly satisfying the needs of the domestic textile industry chain. demand, the net export volume exceeds 4 million tons, and a small amount of imports mainly meet the needs of special purposes. With the relaxation of investment access management for upstream synthetic fiber raw materials and breakthroughs in key localization technologies, the independent supply capacity of major synthetic fiber monomer categories has increased significantly. The import dependence of terephthalic acid (PTA) and caprolactam (CPL) has dropped from more than 50% ten years ago to single digits; although the import dependence of paraxylene (PX) and ethylene glycol (MEG) currently exceeds 50%, %, but according to the production plan of the refining and chemical integration project of my country’s backbone chemical fiber enterprises, domestic PX will be fully capable of replacing imports in the next two years, and the increase in domestic supply of MEG will exceed the increase in demand. my country’s bio-based fiber independent technology level ranks among the top in the world, and the coal chemical industry chain technology is increasingly mature, which will provide diversified source technology route choices for the chemical fiber industry and help alleviate the risk of my country’s high dependence on oil imports.
Figure 1: China’s chemical fiber supply and demand in 2019 (10,000 tons)
Data source: National Bureau of Statistics, China Customs, China Chemical Fiber Industry Association
Figure 2: Changes in China’s dependence on foreign upstream raw materials for polyester and nylon over the years
Data source: China Chemical Fiber Industry Association
In terms of natural fibers, cotton has the most prominent impact on the development of China’s textile industry. Under the guidance and support of relevant national policies, my country’s cotton planting and picking technology has made significant progress in recent years. The enthusiasm of cotton farmers in Xinjiang has been well protected, and Xinjiang has continued to maintain its status as the world’s largest cotton producer. The cotton import management system and cotton reserve rotation system have been greatly improved, playing an active role in ensuring cotton supply. The variety, quality and performance of cotton-based chemical fibers have been steadily improved, and the product development capabilities of cotton spinning enterprises have also been continuously improved. While enriching the market supply, it has effectively alleviated the domestic cotton supply and demand gap. The amount of non-cotton fibers used by my country’s cotton spinning enterprises has increased from this level. It increased from less than 30% at the beginning of the century to about 65% in 2019. In addition, my country’s Yellow River and Yangtze River basins still have the foundation and conditions for cotton planting, which can provide geographical layout adjustment space to ensure cotton supply when external risks increase.
Figure 3: Proportion of cotton production in the world’s major cotton-producing countries in 2019
Data source: International Cotton Advisory Committee
Figure 4: China’s cotton supply and demand and cotton fiber usage in 2019 (10,000 tons)
Data source: China Cotton Textile Industry Association
03 Adhere to the development of equipment manufacturing industry and achieve high-level independent supply
China’s textile industry has always adhered to the line of developing independent equipment manufacturing industry, and the good development momentum of the textile industry has also been It provides fundamental impetus for the progress of equipment manufacturing industry. At present, my country’s textile equipment industry’s manufacturing capabilities and overall technical level are among the best in the world. The domestic market share of textile machinery has increased from less than 50% at the beginning of this century to more than 70% currently, which can basically meet the needs of the domestic industrial chain operation. The textile industry has ended the history of net imports of equipment. In 2019, the import volume was US$3.34 billion, and the export volume reached US$3.79 billion. The export volume ranked second in the world after Germany. The technical level of my country’s domestically produced large-capacity chemical fiber complete sets, spinning complete sets, knitting equipment, dyeing and finishing equipment and other fields can reach international advanced levels, and some have reached international leading levels. Relying on the advantages of close cooperation between the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, my country’s mainstream textile machinery suppliers are able to provide intelligent system solutions and flexible customized overall solutions for textile enterprises. Their cost performance and applicability are better than those of foreign suppliers, and they have strong market competitiveness.
Figure 5: Changes in China’s textile machinery equipment import and export volume (100 million U.S. dollars)
Data source: China Customs
04 Based on the “dual cycle” pattern, strengthen the foundation for safe development
From the perspective of development trends, China’s good economic and market environment It can provide active support for the textile industry to form a dual-cycle development pattern and effectively prevent and control industrial safety risks. On the one hand, the stable development of my country’s economy and society has ensured a superior domestic investment environment. Although manufacturing costs are high, the comprehensive advantages in labor quality, industrial foundation, advanced technology, policy environment, etc. provide a solid foundation for preventing the risk of industrial hollowing out. . More importantly, our country has the largest and most dynamic consumer market in the world, providing sufficient development space for the textile industry. In recent years, the export scale of the textile industry has basically stabilized at around US$280 billion. Against the background of the restructuring of the global industrial structure, there is limited room for growth. In the context of a comprehensively well-off society, the ultra-large domestic demand market with a population of 1.4 billion and a middle class of 400 million, It will provide multi-field, diversified, multi-level and multi-angle demand dynamics for the textile industry. On the other hand, as the strength of the industry and enterprises increases, establishing an international resource allocation system is an inevitable development trend of the textile industry. As the level of internationalization of the industry continues to improve, the core resources mastered by advantageous enterprises gradually increase, and there are challenges in the development of the domestic industry. A few shortcomings will be effectively compensated. The “Belt and Road” international production capacity layout is advancing in an orderly manner, and the transnational vertical industrial chain system is gradually taking shape. The international industrial chain and supply chain led by domestic key enterprises will also be more secure, controllable, flexible and efficient.
Taken together, now and in the future, my country’s textile industry has a good foundation for safe development and risks are controllable. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, based on the domestic cycle and based on the “dual cycle” pattern, establishing a more high-quality, efficient, independent and controllable industrial chain and supply chain system is an important task for the safe development of the textile industry. On the one hand, the textile industry must maintain the foundation of advanced, high-quality, green manufacturing, strengthen the long-term development of independent technical equipment, and highlight core competitive advantages; on the other hand, it must maintain continuous attention to industrial safety issues and strengthen independent breakthroughs in a small number of short-term technologies. Solve the problem of technology monopoly in developed countries and our country’s dependence on imports of related technology and equipment, and strengthen our voice in soft power areas such as standards, brands, and fashion.
Cultivate oneself, be self-reliant, move steadily and achieve long-term goals, and provide strong support for national economic security and social stability and security! </p
