The heat setting machine is suitable for processing various knitted fabrics. Its main function is tenter drying. Through the longitudinal overfeeding and transverse tenting of the needle clip chain of the heat setting machine, the shape of the fabric can be adjusted and the longitudinal shrinkage of the fabric can be reduced. . According to the different types of fabrics processed, in addition to the different process flows and conditions implemented, the configuration of the heat setting machine should also be different, including the configuration of the heat setting machine itself and the configuration of the unit equipment related to it.
Reasonable configuration can simplify, rationalize and save energy the drying and heat setting process of the heat setting machine, avoid adverse phenomena caused by improper implementation of the process, and improve the product quality. quality.
Preheating and setting can effectively alleviate fabric wrinkles
Polyester, nylon, acrylic and other synthetic fibers and their blended interwoven knitted fabrics and The heat setting process arrangement of spandex-containing elastic knitted fabrics includes preheat setting and post heat setting.
Preheating and setting refers to the preheating and setting of gray fabrics and the heat setting of semi-finished products that have been relaxed, bleached but not dyed or printed. Post-heat setting is a finishing process with the purpose of ensuring good dimensional stability of end products in dyeing and finishing plants and overcoming undesirable phenomena that occur during subsequent processing.
Heat setting will change the crystal structure of polyester, nylon and other synthetic fibers. The crystal structure of polyester fiber changes before and after heat setting. Changes in fiber microstructure will inevitably change the dyeing properties of the fiber. Normal preheating and setting will mostly reduce the color yield of the fiber.
If the heat setting process is not properly controlled, the following dyeing diseases will occur: If there is a temperature difference between the left, center and right in the heating area of the heat setting machine, color difference between the left, center and right will occur, resulting in heat setting The higher the temperature set in the process, the greater the temperature difference between the left, middle and right sides may be: If there is a difference in air volume between the upper and lower air outlets of the heating zone of the heat setting machine, the “yin and yang” phenomenon in dyeing will occur: If the moisture content of the fabric If the fabric has an uneven liquid content and enters the high-temperature setting area, poor dyeing, color flowers, and “yin and yang” phenomena are likely to occur: If the fabric is not subject to external forces during heat setting, such as excessive transverse stretching and Excessive vertical super-absorption, etc., will cause vertical and horizontal streaks in dyeing.
If the fabric is not preheated and shaped, excessive dimensional changes and fabric wrinkles will not easily occur during the bleaching and dyeing processes, or even if they occur, they can be completely obtained after post-finishing. If it is overcome, there is no need to preheat and set. Whether to perform preheating and setting and what conditions to use for preheating and setting need to be determined through experiments.
The heat setting machine and its related configuration unit equipment used in dyeing and finishing plants include centering devices, overfeeding needles, needle clip chain stretching, heating areas, cold air cooling, cold water roller cooling, and cloth feeding and Drop cloth is the basic structural part of the heat setting machine, and the padding machine is the unit machine configured with it.
The biggest difference in the basic structural configuration of the heat setting machine is that the stretching width of the needle clip chain in the heating zone is “fixed” or “variable”. The fixed type means that the fabric passes through all heating zones with a fixed width, and the variable type means that the width of each heating zone that the fabric passes through is adjustable. Varieties such as warp knitted fabrics that need to be narrowed in width after preheating and setting require the use of variable heat setting machines. Some warp knitted or weft knitted fabrics that have a larger width shrinkage after relaxation and bleaching are also best to use variable heat setting machines. Variant heat setting machine.
The relevant configuration units of the preheating and shaping machine include padding machines and pre-drying machines. The padding machine is generally a two-roller padding machine. It is mostly used for hot pre-shaping of fabrics after relaxation, scouring and bleaching before dyeing. Sometimes it is also used for fibers with many wrinkles on the cloth surface due to improper storage methods and other reasons. Water rolling for pre-shaping of plain fiber/spandex fabric gray cloth. When preheating and setting pre-dyed semi-finished products that do not contain wet gray fabric or have been dried, the cloth threading route only needs to pass through the padding car, which can reduce the tensile tension of the fabric, save energy and reduce wear and tear on the equipment.
After rolling water in the pre-drying machine, it should be pre-dried at a lower temperature before high-temperature heat setting. There are two ways to pre-dry. One is to adjust the temperature of the heating zone of the heat setting machine itself from low to high. The other is to install a special dryer before the needle device of the heat setting machine, such as in the padding machine. , a double-layer oscillating dryer is installed above the position of overfeeding needle and needle wedge extension.
Simplified post-heat setting process in various forms
Polyester, nylon, acrylic and other synthetic fibers and their blended interwoven fabrics, regardless of Whether it has been preheated or not, as long as it undergoes high-temperature heat treatment again, the fabric shape will be deformed due to thermal shrinkage and thermoplastic stretching of the fibers, and wrinkles and creases will be produced due to the stretching and extrusion of irregular external forces. The measure to overcome these fabric deformations is through post-finishing heat setting, which is referred to as post-heat setting. Of course, good preheat setting can make post-heat setting of the fabric easier, but it needs to be emphasized that the role of post-heat setting is not only to overcome the bad shape of the fabric that has been formed in the previous process, but more importantly. It is to make the fabric meet the dimensional stability requirements of some subsequent processing processes, such as high-temperature steaming or baking in re-printing after dyeing, coating finishing, composite material processing, cloth bonding, clothing ironing and other processes.
Processing conditions for finishing and heat setting of polyester, nylon, polyester and their blended interwoven fabrics (excluding ammonia).Preheating and setting of gray fabrics, heat setting before dyeing and heat setting after finishing of fiber fabrics can be used for drying of various fiber fabrics, and can also be used for baking of paint printing, coating, waterproof and oil-proof finishing, etc.; many Knitted fabrics also go through heat setting machines for drying and heat setting multiple times, sometimes for actual heat setting of the thermoplastic fibers, and sometimes just for tenter drying. Although the same heat setting machine is used for different purposes, the process flow and conditions are different. Gray fabric preheating and setting, preheating and setting before dyeing, finishing heat setting and hanging drying all have their own processes. Require.
The heat setting machine can undertake processes such as drying, preheating and post-heating. In addition to the quality of the processed products being closely related to the configuration of the heat setting machine itself, other related configuration units such as padding machines, pre-drying machines, etc. The role of the machine, steam moistening device, brush roller, etc. is also very important. The overall production line is well configured to make the production process scientific, simple and energy-saving.
The author Xu Weijing graduated from Tianjin Textile Institute of Technology majoring in dyeing and finishing engineering. He is currently an associate professor at the College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, and is engaged in teaching and teaching of dyeing and finishing majors in colleges and universities. Scientific research work, the main courses taught are dyeing and finishing process principles, knitted fabric dyeing and finishing, wool fabric dyeing and finishing. The scientific research direction is research on new dyeing and finishing processes, development of new dyeing and finishing equipment, development of new textile products, and research and development of new dyeing and finishing auxiliaries. While engaged in teaching and scientific research, Xu Weijing has long-term technical cooperation with many dyeing and finishing factories, and once served as the technical director of a knitting dyeing and finishing factory. He has rich factory technology and practical experience; in addition, he has also served as Regional director and application technical engineer of major domestic and foreign dye and auxiliary companies in China. </p
