Cancer has always been a disease that people talk about and avoid, for no other reason than that it cannot be cured. However, with the development of science and technology, people’s understanding of cancer has deepened. Scientists believe that cancer vaccines can be developed to prevent and cure cancer. What is the current progress in the field of cancer vaccines? What cancers can be prevented through vaccination? Can getting a cancer vaccine be a cure-all? 【Tent Oxford cloth】
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Cervical cancer progresses slowly and is asymptomatic in the early stages. If patients develop symptoms, they usually present as abnormal vaginal bleeding during non-menstrual periods or after menopause. It is currently known that 99% of cervical cancers are related to HPV (full name “human papillomavirus”) infection. The German scientist Harald zur Hausen who discovered this phenomenon also won the Nobel Prize. If there is no HPV infection, the occurrence of cervical cancer can be greatly reduced, so the HPV vaccine appears.
Currently, two HPV vaccines have been approved and widely used in the world, namely GlaxoSmithKline Huiyankang vaccine, and Merck & Co.’s Gavigen vaccine (both prices are about the same, around RMB 3,000). One is a 4-valent vaccine that targets HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16 and HPV-18, and the other is a 2-valent vaccine that only targets HPV-16 and HPV-18.
According to Xiaojiu’s understanding, more than 200 types of HPV viruses have been identified so far, and there are ten high-risk types related to cervical cancer. There are several types, and 75% of cervical cancers are caused by infection with HPV-16 or HPV-18. The two cervical cancer vaccines currently on the market can play a very good role in preventing cervical cancer caused by these two types of viruses. However, there are still 25% of cervical cancers that cannot be prevented by the existing vaccines, and vaccination cannot be guaranteed. You will not be infected with cervical cancer caused by other high-risk viruses such as type 33 and type 35 in the future.
WHO believes that the optimal age for cervical cancer vaccine is 11-12 years old, but older people Girls (under 26 years old) can still be vaccinated. Cervical cancer vaccine requires three injections within 6 months. Vaccination of minors requires the consent of their guardians. People who are allergic to vaccine components and pregnant women should not get vaccinated. If you become pregnant after starting the injection, you can continue to complete the injection after delivery. 【600D Oxford cloth】
prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is the number one killer of male malignant tumors in China. At present, the cause of prostate cancer is still unclear, but some factors are known to play a certain role in promoting the development of prostate cancer, such as age, family inheritance, smoking, sexually transmitted diseases, etc.
Prostate cancer is often asymptomatic in the early stages. As the tumor develops, the gradually enlarging prostate glands compress the urethra and can cause Progressive dysuria. In addition, there are symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, increased nocturia, and even urinary incontinence. Prostate cancer can invade the bladder, seminal vesicles, and blood vessel and nerve bundles, causing hematuria, hematospermia, and impotence.
In 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the release of Dendreon Pharmaceuticals.��’s prostate cancer vaccine Provenge (one dose costs US$31,000, which is about 200,000 yuan). Unlike vaccines in the traditional sense, Provenge is an autologous cellular immunotherapy drug suitable for patients with advanced prostate cancer. It can stimulate the patient’s own immune system to respond to prostate cancer. This preparation is made by extracting immune cells from the patient’s own blood. Provenge requires three injections every two weeks or so. The FDA has previously certified the effectiveness and safety of the drug. A comprehensive experiment on more than 500 patients found that the survival time of patients who received the treatment was extended by an average of 3-4 months. Of course, the cost of this treatment is also relatively high. , the total cost is approximately US$100,000. 【Oxford cloth wholesale】
Lung cancer
Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the fastest growing morbidity and mortality and the greatest threat to human health and life. The clinical manifestations of lung cancer are relatively complex. The presence, severity, and timing of symptoms and signs depend on the location of the tumor, pathological type, metastasis and complications, as well as differences in patient response and tolerance. The main causes of lung cancer include: smoking, air pollution, occupational hazards, genetics and mental and psychological factors, etc. These factors lead to malignant changes in the patient’s constitution. Therefore, high-risk groups for lung cancer mainly include long-term smokers, patients with lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis and tuberculosis, people who have received excessive radiation exposure inside and outside the body, people who have been exposed to coal smoke or oil fumes for a long time, and miners.
In 2009, the Cuban Molecular Immunology Center developed what is known as the world’s first lung cancer vaccine (depending on the dosage regimen, The price is between 3,000-6,000 red pesos, which is about 20,000-40,000 yuan). Clinical trials show that this vaccine can extend the lives of patients by an average of 4 to 5 months. It is said that the vaccine slowed down or even stopped the development of the patient’s disease and ensured the normal operation of key organs in various parts of the body, while the tumor did not develop or even became smaller, thus ensuring the patient’s quality of life.
In 2013, the institute announced the development of a second lung cancer vaccine. Cuba has therefore become the only country in the world that has researched and developed two lung cancer vaccines. Among them, the first vaccine is currently undergoing clinical trials in Cuba, but it has only been registered in Cuba and Peru, so it is only available in these two countries.
American medical experts say that Cuba’s lung cancer vaccine has fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy. The reason why the side effects are small is that the Cuban lung cancer vaccine does not directly attack cancer cells, but controls tumor growth by inhibiting a growth factor necessary for the growth of tumor cells. Therefore, the toxicity of this vaccine is very low. 【Luggage Oxford cloth】
The famous Hasumi vaccine
Hasumi vaccine was developed by the famous Japanese tumor immunologist Kiichiro Hasumi in 1948. Later, it was developed and upgraded by his son Kenichiro Hasumi. The goal is to prevent cancer from coming back. In the past few decades, there have been many reports on the Internet and TV in Japan, and private groups have often organized small groups to talk and share. Basically, it relies on word-of-mouth from patients to survive in the market.
The currently used Hasumi vaccine officially passed clinical trials in 2005. In Japan, approximately 15,000 cancer patients receive this treatment every year. For patients with solid tumors other than blood cancer, surgery/radiotherapy can be performed, but the specific suitability still needs to be judged by the doctor after reviewing the medical records.
It is understood that the Hasumi vaccine does not directly kill cancer cells, but increases the body’s immune activity, that is, improves tree shape The ability of cells to process antigens can then induce corresponding lymphocytes to destroy and attack cancer cells, thereby preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis.
Generally, cancer is divided into stages I to IV. The 5-year survival rate of stage I is about 90%. Stage II is 70%-80%. Stage III is 50%, stage IV is 20%. It is said that the Hasumi vaccine can increase the five-year survival rate by 20% per stage based on the original survival rate, reduce the chance of cancer recurrence, and has a good effect in preventing cancer and extending life span.
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rif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);”>It is understood that the Hasumi vaccine does not directly kill cancer cells; By improving the body’s immune activity, that is, by improving the ability of dendritic cells to process antigens, the corresponding lymphocytes are induced to destroy and attack cancer cells, thereby preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis.
Generally, cancer is divided into stages I to IV. The 5-year survival rate for stage I is about 90%. For stage II, it is 70%-80%. For stage III, it is 50% %, 20% in stage IV. It is said that Hasumi vaccine can increase the five-year survival rate by 20% in each stage based on the original survival rate, reduce the chance of cancer recurrence, and has good effects on preventing cancer and extending lifespan. .
Suzhou Oxford cloth manufacturer: www.wcxfz.com
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