How is the full mechanization of cotton production achieved?

The smoke warms the soil and the people are excited, and a new plow breaks the spring plowing. In April, in the cotton fields of Mosuowan Reclamation Area in Shihezi City, Eighth Division, a seeder equipped with Beidou satellite navigation system moved forward slowly, accurately completing operations such as sowing, laying mulch film and drip irrigation tape, which made the growers particularly happy. Peace of mind.

China’s cotton depends on Xinjiang, and Xinjiang’s cotton depends on the Corps. As an important high-quality cotton production base in the country, in 2022, the agricultural farming mechanization rate and sowing mechanization rate of Shihezi City, the Eighth Division, will reach 100%, the comprehensive mechanization level of planting and harvesting in the planting industry will reach 96.5%, and the mechanized cotton harvest rate will exceed 98%. How is the full mechanization of cotton production achieved? What will cotton farming look like in the future? The reporter went to Shihezi City of the Eighth Division to find the answer.

Mechanization + Intelligence, cotton production is “accelerating”

Early in the morning on April 7, Zhuang Shewei, an employee of the 15th Company of the 150th Regiment of the Eighth Division, drove to his cotton field, picked up a shovel, and shoveled down hard. When it was estimated to be 30 centimeters deep, Mr. Zhuang squatted down, grabbed a handful of soil he had just shoveled, kneaded it into a ball, and then threw it to the ground with force, and the soil immediately dispersed.

“It’s time to go to the ground to sow!” As a “veteran” with 30 years of experience in cotton planting, the villager only takes action when the opportunity comes. “If you go to the ground too early, the ground will be compacted as soon as the seeder goes in. “If it’s too late, the land will clump, which is not conducive to cotton growth.”

Another important reason why Zhuang Sheshe is so calm and composed is that he has a seeder equipped with the Beidou satellite navigation system “in charge”. Through the Beidou satellite navigation system, the cotton seeder can accurately sow according to the preset sowing route. The laying of drip irrigation tape and mulch film has also been fully mechanized, with a linear error of no more than 1 cm. Compared with traditional sowing methods, it not only saves cotton seeds More than 60%, it also improves land utilization and makes it more convenient for later mechanized field operations. In just three days, the 500 acres of cotton fields contracted by the village were sown.

“Nowadays, every household, like the villagers, has mechanized cotton production, saving time and effort. In addition to planting cotton, employees can also work part-time in the regiment field to achieve diversified income.” The 15th Company of the 150th Regiment Li Chunjie, secretary of the party branch and instructor of the continuous management committee, told reporters that nowadays, the groups of people working in the fields in the past can no longer be seen in the endless cotton fields.

The comprehensive promotion of cotton picking machines has further liberated cotton growers from the cotton fields. In the past, it took nearly a month to manually pick 100 acres of cotton, and the flower pickers had to worry about food and housing. Now with cotton picking machines, more than 300 acres of cotton can be harvested in one day. Compared with manual picking, each mu of land can save more than 200 yuan.

In 2022, Shihezi City of the Eighth Division has 446 self-propelled baling cotton picking machines, which can basically realize cotton harvesting without landing on the ground, and the harvesting quality has also been greatly improved. .

In recent years, Shihezi City of the Eighth Division has widely used Beidou satellite navigation system, flow sensor monitoring technology, wireless communication technology, Internet of Things systems, etc. in agricultural machinery and equipment, achieving precise sowing and precise fertilization, and is “armed by advanced equipment” “The rise of agricultural production has accelerated.”

Mechanization + refinement, cotton quality and efficiency are guaranteed

In the warm spring breeze, Zhou Zheng, deputy secretary of the Party branch of the Sixth Company of the Third Field of the Eighth Division’s Shihezi General Field and company commander of the Joint Management Committee, led technicians to the company’s large-scale intelligent water-saving drip irrigation pump room to maintain the equipment. maintainance.

“April is a critical period for cotton seedlings to emerge. The ’emergence water’ determines the seedling condition and the annual output. It cannot be careless at all.” Zhou Zheng said that in recent years, in the construction of high-standard farmland, supporting facilities have been built The drip irrigation pump room integrates intelligent equipment such as electric energy meters and flow meters. Growers can easily complete precise watering by just pressing a button.

From normal pressure drip irrigation technology to high-efficiency water-saving drip irrigation technology, and now to the integrated water and fertilizer synthesis technology, Luo Hongxun, an employee of the Sixth Company of the Third Field of Shizong Field, has always been a practitioner of new concepts and new technologies in cotton planting management. “In the past, when growing cotton, the biggest headache was watering the cotton. The family ran around with shovels and worked day and night. After watering, everyone fell down tired.” Luo Hongxun said, with intelligent water saving The drip irrigation pump room has improved water supply and water saving efficiency, and the water drips evenly, without being heavy or leaking. In 2022, the cotton field he planted will produce 480 kilograms of seed cotton per mu.

“Entering the cotton growth management cycle, employees only need to call the plot information recorded during sowing, and can easily operate the tractor for cultivating and plant protection operations. The tractor equipped with the automatic driving system performs spraying operations straight along the field ridges. Pesticides are sprayed evenly, which effectively avoids waste of agricultural inputs and damage to crops caused by missed pesticide applications,” said Liu Feng, director of the Shizongchang Agricultural Development Service Center.

A series of national public inspection data from 2019 to 2021 show that the quality of cotton in northern Xinjiang, represented by Shihezi City of the Eighth Division, has improved.

Mechanization + digitalization, the future of cotton industry is promising

“Soil moisture station, weather station, automatic valve controller, water and fertilizer…After installing these intelligent devices in cotton fields, such as mobile devices, nutrition meters, field patrol drones, and IoT insect monitors, you only need a tablet or mobile phone to get a “at-a-glance” view of crop growth and the occurrence of pests and diseases. , one person can complete field management such as moisture-based irrigation, seedling-based fertilization, and insect-based pesticide application. “Lu Xin, a professor at the School of Agriculture of Shihezi University, pointed to the Xinjiang Cotton Big Data Comprehensive Service Platform and told reporters that in the future, cotton planting will be more scientific and efficient.

Lu Xin’s ongoing research is one of the projects undertaken by the “Science and Technology China” Digital Cotton Regional Science and Technology Service Group of the Xinjiang Corps. This science and technology service group was established in 2022 with the approval of the China Association for Science and Technology and is composed of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Chen Xuegeng is the chief expert, and Zhang Ruoyu, a national modern agricultural industry technology system scientist, is the team leader, and was established in conjunction with a number of cotton industry scientific research units and enterprises.

Lu Xin said that the service team focuses on improving the quality, efficiency and healthy and sustainable development of the entire cotton industry chain, using technologies such as cotton field information perception, cotton harvest information monitoring, cotton quality rapid detection, cotton quality traceability and cotton digital processing. Supported by research results on equipment and equipment, it provides services such as technical consultation, technology transfer and transformation, technology promotion and application, industry-university-research docking, policy promotion, talent training and other services for cotton-growing areas. Promote the high-quality development of Xinjiang and Xinjiang Xinjiang Xinjiang Xinjiang Cotton Industry.

In recent years, the Eighth Division Shihezi City has given full play to the scientific research advantages of Shihezi University and Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, focusing on smart farm drone applications, smart agricultural machinery, etc., and has strived to promote the digital integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, striving to improve the quality and level of agricultural mechanization in the city. .

“In the future, agricultural production will be based on intelligent equipment, with data and knowledge as the core elements, so as to deeply integrate modern science and technology with agriculture, and realize digital perception, intelligent decision-making, precise operation and wisdom in the entire process of agricultural production. management, greatly improving labor productivity, land output and resource utilization.” Chen Bing, a researcher at the Cotton Research Institute of the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that currently, the level of agricultural mechanization and land intensification in Shihezi City, the Eighth Division, has significantly improved, and it is necessary to develop digital agriculture , further improve labor productivity, land output rate and agricultural machinery utilization rate, and promote the continuous improvement of quality and efficiency of the cotton industry.

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