How to measure cotton seed germination rate and germination potential
The germination rate and germination potential of cotton seeds are the germination status of seeds within a certain period of time measured under certain temperature and humidity conditions, which can basically reflect the emergence status of cotton seeds under field conditions.
Cotton seed germination tests generally adopt the sand bed germination method. The germination bed adopts a standard germination box (25 cm × 10 cm × 8 cm) containing sterile construction sand with a diameter of 0.05 to 0.80 mm. The ratio of sand to water during germination is 6:1 for cotton seeds and 8:1 for cotton seeds. In order to accurately measure the germination status of different seeds, different germination temperatures should be adopted for cotton seeds with different maturity and dormancy states. Seeds with good maturity and that have passed the dormancy period can be harvested at a constant temperature of 30°C ± 1°C; cotton seeds with good maturity but that have not passed the dormancy period should be broken first (sun-drying, variable temperature treatment, chemical treatment can be used and other methods), and then conduct a germination test under variable temperature conditions of 30°C ± 1°C or 20 to 30°C. Cotton seeds with poor maturity and that have passed the dormancy period can be grown at 25℃±1℃; seeds with poor maturity and that have not passed the dormancy period should be broken first and then grown at 25℃±1℃ or 18~ Germination tests were conducted under variable temperature conditions of 28°C. When using variable temperature, it should usually be maintained at low temperature for 16 hours, high temperature for 8 hours, and gradually change temperature within 3 hours.
The germination test requires randomly selecting 50 seeds and repeating 4 times. Arrange the seeds evenly on the prepared germination bed. Keep a certain distance between the seeds to prevent mutual infection. Press the seeds flatly into the sand. , make the cotton seed and the sand surface level, and lightly cover it with 10 mm of fine sand of the same humidity.
If necessary, adjust the temperature of the incubator to the appropriate temperature and turn on the switch. Place the installed germination box horizontally into the incubator. During seed germination, the status of the germination test should be checked every day to maintain suitable germination conditions.
Generally, there is no need to add water to the germination box. The temperature should be adjusted within the required temperature range of ±1°C, and there must be sufficient lighting conditions. The number of seedlings was counted on the 4th and 12th days of germination. During the counting process, well-developed normal seedlings should be picked out from the germination bed, and suspicious or damaged, deformed or imbalanced seedlings can be postponed to the next count. Severely rotten seedlings or moldy seeds should be removed from the germination bed and counted.
When counting, it is necessary to correctly distinguish between normal seedlings and abnormal seedlings. Cotton seed germination refers to normal seedlings, that is, the two cotyledons are fully expanded and have normal primary roots.
After the germination test is completed, the germination potential and germination rate of each replicate should be calculated.
The germination potential (%) is the number of seeds that grow into normal seedlings within 4 days as a percentage of the number of seeds tested; the germination rate (%) is the number of seeds that grow into normal seedlings within 12 days as a percentage of the number of seeds tested. The results of 4 times are averaged. If the results are significantly different among the four times, the test needs to be repeated.
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