Yarn (including filament) dyeing has a history of nearly a thousand years, and hank dyeing has been used for a long time. It was not until 1882 that the world’s first bobbin dyeing patent was issued, and later beam dyeing appeared.
One: skein dyeing
Place short fiber yarn or filament in the shaking yarn The dyeing method of converting the yarn into a frame of skein connected together on the machine and then dip-dying it in various types of dyeing machines is called skein dyeing. Since there have been many monographs on skein dyeing in the past, I will not go into details in this book.
Two: Package dyeing
Place staple yarn or filament It is wound on a bobbin full of holes (the winding density is required to be appropriate and uniform, generally called “pine bobbin”), and then placed on the yarn carrier of the dyeing machine (also known as flat plate, hanging plate, creel, etc.) The dyeing column (also known as yarn bamboo, spindle rod, insertion rod, etc.) is put into the package dyeing machine, and the action of the main pump is used to make the dye liquid penetrate and circulate between the package yarns or fibers to realize the dyeing method. Dye the bobbin.
Three: Beam dip dyeing
The warp hue and hue of the fabric According to the quantity requirements, the raw yarn is wound on the coiled tube with holes on the loose warping machine to form a loose warp beam (can be regarded as a large bobbin), and then it is installed on the yarn carrier of the dyeing machine. , and put it into the warp beam dyeing machine, and use the action of the main pump to make the dye liquid penetrate and circulate between the warp beam yarns or fibers to achieve dip dyeing. The method of obtaining warp yarns with uniform color is called warp beam dyeing.
Four: Beam pad dyeing
Beam pad dyeing is mainly used in color The production and processing of denim with white weft is in progress. It introduces a certain number of thin shafts into each dyeing tank, and after repeated multiple dipping, multiple padding, and multiple ventilation and oxidation, the dyeing of indigo (or vulcanization, reduction, direct, paint) dye is achieved. After pre-drying and then sizing, the warp beam yarn with uniform color can be obtained, which can be directly used for weaving. The dye tanks during warp beam pad dyeing can be multiple (sheet machines) or one (ring machine). This equipment used in combination with sizing is called a sheet dyeing machine.
Five: Yarn bundle pad dyeing (ball warp dyeing)
This is also a special dyeing method for denim warp yarns. The dyeing process is to first bundle 400 to 500 raw yarns into a ball shape, and then bundle several bundles (such as 12 bundles, 18 bundles, 24 bundles, 36 bundles) of yarn in multiple dyeing processes. The tank is repeatedly immersed, rolled, ventilated and oxidized multiple times to achieve indigo dyeing, and then warp and sizing are achieved. Acrylic tows can also be pad-dyed.
Six: Special yarn dyeing method
Just like fabric, Yarns are also partially dyed, such as knot printing, section dyeing, tie dyeing, printing, discharge dyeing, gradient, etc.
1, seal section
According to the design requirements, on the spread out skein Print a small section of color (such as 0.5 ~ 1cm) at a set distance. It can be the same color, but most of them are five colors. It must be noted that the spacing must be irregular and unequal, otherwise “turtle back” or “landscape painting” will appear on the canvas.
2. Section dyeing
Pour several dyes onto the Different parts of the spread skein are vacuum-absorbed or squeezed, then fixed and washed. Compared with the printed sections, the color sections are longer, the spacing between the white yarns is smaller, and even two adjacent colors will appear “color matching” on the yarn. Space-dyed yarn is commonly used in knitted fabrics.
3. Tie-dye
Tie the part of the skein with a rope (or wrap it with plastic film) and tie it tightly, and then dip-dye it. As a result, the tied area will be left white, and there will be some bleeding from dark to light in the bundled area. The unbundled area will be evenly colored, and the product will have a unique charm.
4. Printing (printing scriptures)
This method is generally Used in the production of warp printing machine fabrics. Patterns are printed on the warp yarns (not on the weft yarns), and the product style is hazy, looking like flowers but not flowers. When printing warp, you can first fake weave (knitting method is printing first and then warping, weaving method is warping-fake weaving-printing), or you can print directly on the warp yarn. For example, synthetic fiber warp yarn can be printed on a transfer printing machine.
5. Gradient dyeing (colorful silk)
Put the skein Different parts of the silk are dipped in the dye solution for different times, so that each frame of yarn shows a gradient color from light to dark without obvious boundaries, such as traditional Chinese embroidery seven-color silk threads. In addition, there are half-side dyeing, spray-point dyeing, single yarn continuous dip dyeing, etc.
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