Among the many functional varieties, elastic fiber is a “sunrise industry” “Because it can give a good sense of contact to the human body, it plays an irreplaceable role in the comfort, fluffiness and warmth of clothing, so it occupies a solid position in the textile industry in China and even the world, and it already gives textile fabrics a certain degree of elasticity. It has become an inevitable development trend of edible textiles.
1. Diene elastic fiber (rubber yarn)
Diene elastic fiber is commonly known as rubber yarn or elastic yarn. Its main chemical component is vulcanized polyisoprene, which has good high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, wear resistance, etc. Chemical and physical properties, widely used in socks, ribbed cuffs and other knitting industries. Rubber yarn is an elastic fiber used in the early days. Since it is mainly made into thick yarn, its use in woven fabrics is very limited.
2. Polyurethane fiber (spandex)
Polyurethane elastic fiber refers to a fiber made of a block copolymer with polyurethane as the main component. It is called spandex in China and is the original trade name in the United States. It was Spandex, later renamed Lycra, Elastane in Europe, Neolon in Japan, and Dorlastan in Germany. Its elasticity comes from its molecular structure, a block copolymer network composed of so-called “soft” and “hard” segments.
The spinning methods of spandex include dry spinning, wet spinning, chemical reaction spinning and melt spinning. Dry spinning technology is currently the most common method for spandex industrial production. Spandex is the earliest developed and most widely used variety of elastic fibers with the most mature production technology.
3. Polyetherester elastic fiber
Polyetherester elastic fiber is an elastic fiber produced by melt spinning of polyester and polyether copolymer. It was first produced by Teijin Company in Japan in 1990. Polyetherester elastic fiber has a similar structure to polyurethane elastic fiber and also has “segment” structural characteristics. The “soft” segment is mainly a polyether segment, which has good flexibility, a long chain, and is easy to stretch and deform; the “hard” segment is a polyester segment, which is relatively stiff, easy to crystallize, and has a short chain. It acts as a node when deformed by force, imparts elastic recovery properties, and determines the strength and heat resistance of the fiber.
Polyetherester elastic fiber not only has high strength, but also has good elasticity and high melting point. It is blended with PET fiber and can be dyed at 120~130℃ , so polyester fiber can also be processed into elastic textiles. In addition, they have excellent light resistance, chlorine bleaching resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc. are better than ordinary spandex.
This fiber also has the advantages of cheap raw materials, easy production and processing, and is a promising fiber.
4. Composite elastic fiber (T400 fiber)
CONTEX (ST 100 composite elastic fiber, collectively known as T400 elastic fiber in the market) is a kind of fiber that uses DuPont Sorona as the main raw material, and ordinary PET through advanced composite spinning A new two-component composite elastic fiber made by silk technology; it has natural permanent spiral curl and excellent bulking, elasticity, elastic recovery rate, color fastness and a particularly soft feel. It can be woven alone or combined with cotton. , viscose, polyester, nylon, etc. are interwoven to form a variety of styles.
It not only solves many problems such as traditional spandex yarn is not easy to dye, has excessive elasticity, is complex in weaving, is unstable in fabric size, and is easy to age during use, but also It can be woven directly on air-jet, water-jet, and arrow looms. It does not need to be made into covered yarn before being woven like spandex, which reduces the cost of yarn and improves the quality uniformity of the product.
5. Polyolefin elastic fiber (DOWXLA fiber)
Polyolefin elastic fiber is produced from polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer through melt spinning. XLA, launched by DOW Chemical in the United States in 2002, is the first commercialized polyolefin elastic fiber. It is melt-spun from an in-situ polymerized ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) catalyzed by a metallocene catalyst.��Prepared.
It has good elasticity, 500% elongation at break, can withstand high temperatures of 220°C, is resistant to chlorine bleaching and strong acid and alkali treatment, and has strong resistance to UV degradation properties. Its production process is relatively simple, the raw material price is lower than that of spandex, and it produces almost no pollution during the production process and is easy to recycle. Because polyolefin elastic fibers have a variety of excellent properties, their applications have become increasingly widespread in recent years.
6. Hard elastic fiber
Some fibers made under special processing conditions, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and other fibers, although they are not easily deformed under low stress (because they has a higher modulus), but also has better elasticity under higher stress, especially at lower temperatures, so this type of fiber is called hard elastic fiber.
At present, hard elastic fibers are not widely used in textiles, but because their elastic characteristics are different from soft elastic fibers, some special textiles can be developed.
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